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Related Concept Videos

Forced Transdifferentiation01:28

Forced Transdifferentiation

Transdifferentiation, also known as lineage reprogramming, was first discovered by Selman and Kafatos in 1974 in silkmoths. They observed that the moths’ cuticle-producing cells transformed into salt-producing cells. Many such cases of natural transdifferentiation occur in organisms. In humans, pancreatic alpha cells can become beta cells. In newts, the loss of the eye’s lens causes the pigmented epithelial cells to transdifferentiate into the lens cells.
Artificial transdifferentiation occurs...
Criticisms of the Evolutionary Perspective01:23

Criticisms of the Evolutionary Perspective

In a study where individuals posing as strangers offered compliments and proposed casual sex to students, the responses differed significantly based on gender. Not a single woman accepted the proposal, while 70% of the men agreed. This outcome provides a useful scenario to explore through the lens of evolutionary psychology and social learning theory, highlighting the diverse perspectives on human sexual behaviors.
Evolutionary psychology provides one explanation for these findings, suggesting...
Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination02:55

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who are...
X and Y Chromosomes02:32

X and Y Chromosomes

Among mammals, the gender of an organism is determined by the sex chromosomes. Humans have two sex chromosomes, X and Y. Every human diploid cell has 22 pairs of autosomes and one pair of sex chromosomes. A human female has two X chromosomes, while a male has one X chromosome and one Y chromosome.
The germline cells such as egg and sperm cells carry only half the number of chromosomes, i.e., 22 autosomes and one sex chromosome. All eggs have an X chromosome, while sperm cells can carry an X or...
Humanistic Psychology01:24

Humanistic Psychology

Humanistic psychology emerged in the mid-20th century as a response to the deterministic and pessimistic nature of behaviorism and psychoanalysis. While behaviorism focused on observable behaviors influenced by the environment and psychoanalysis delved into unconscious motivations, both theories suggested that human actions lacked free will. In contrast, humanistic psychology offers a perspective that emphasizes the innate potential for goodness and growth within every individual.
This approach...
The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes02:45

The Ratio of X Chromosome to Autosomes

In most organisms, sex is determined by the ratio of X and Y chromosomes. However, in some organisms, such as Drosophila and C.elegans, sex is determined by the ratio of the number of X chromosomes to the number of sets of autosomes. The Y chromosome in Drosophila is active but does not determine sex. It contains genes responsible for the production of sperms in adult flies.  
Normal male Drosophila has a ratio of one X chromosome to two sets of autosomes. In contrast, normal female Drosophila...

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Transgenderism and Human Sexuality.

Patrick Lee1, Vivian de Castro Morales Leal2

  • 1Department of Philosophy, Franciscan University of Steubenville, Steubenville, OH, USA.

The Linacre Quarterly
|July 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study argues that biological sex is objective, binary, and immutable. It posits that medical interventions to align the body with subjective gender identity are harmful and immoral, advocating for acceptance of one's biological sex.

Keywords:
Genderintersexsexsex and marriagesex binarysexual reassignment surgerytransgenderismwoman

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Area of Science:

  • Bioethics
  • Philosophy of Biology
  • Gender Studies

Background:

  • Transgender ideology raises significant questions regarding the nature of sex and gender.
  • There is ongoing debate about the relationship between subjective identity and biological reality.
  • Understanding the ethical and health implications of gender transition is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide concise answers to key questions surrounding transgender ideology.
  • To assert that biological sex is objective, biologically grounded, and binary.
  • To analyze the health and moral implications of medical interventions for gender affirmation.

Main Methods:

  • Philosophical argumentation
  • Ethical analysis
  • Review of biological principles related to sex determination

Main Results:

  • Sex is defended as an objective, binary biological reality.
  • Altering the body to conform to a subjective sense of gender is presented as detrimental to health and objectively immoral.
  • Acceptance of one's genuine sexual identity is advocated as a moral imperative.

Conclusions:

  • Biological sex is a fundamental, immutable characteristic.
  • Medical interventions altering sex characteristics are deemed harmful and unethical.
  • Embracing one's biological sex is presented as the morally correct stance.