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Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs): Metabolism and Their Roles In Inflammation Regulation and Disease
Xuan Zhao1, Yuyu An1, Leilei Shi1
1Department of Pharmacology, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xianyang 712046, PR China.
Abstract:
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs)-encompassing leucine, isoleucine, and valine-constitute a class of essential amino acids indispensable for protein synthesis and a myriad of metabolic functions. Beyond their canonical roles as substrates, BCAAs are now recognised as potent signalling molecules and key regulators of immunometabolism. They exert pleiotropic effects and demonstrate a profound capacity to modulate inflammatory responses. Inflammation, an intricate biological response to harmful stimuli, is a pathogenic driver underpinning the initiation and exacerbation of numerous chronic and acute diseases. This review critically synthesises the scientific literature, systematically examining the therapeutic potential of BCAAs in mitigating inflammation-related pathologies. We delve into the mechanistic intricacies through which BCAAs exert their anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory actions. A thorough comprehension of these mechanisms is not merely an academic exercise but a crucial prerequisite for developing effective pharmacotherapies and precision nutrition approaches, ultimately forging new paradigms for the prophylaxis and clinical management of diseases with an inflammatory component.
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