The multidimensional impact of malnutrition in incurable cancer

The physiological consequences of malnutrition are well-established, yet the disruption to psychological well-being, identity and interpersonal relationships is less known and equally significant. This review focuses on recent multidimensional evidence on malnutrition in incurable cancer, particularly the psychological, social and relational effects.

Malnutrition and cachexia carry physical, psychological and relational consequences. For those with incurable cancer, this can lead to social isolation. Furthermore, it can also cause distress, guilt, anxiety and conflict around encouraging intake between those with incurable cancer and their caregivers. Qualitative studies indicate unmet needs resulting from reduced access to specialised nutritional care. Individualised dietary counselling is one of the most effective interventions for managing nutritional intake and addressing individual needs and concerns, thereby improving quality of life.

Those living with incurable cancer face complex nutritional challenges that affect their physical health, emotional well-being and interpersonal relationships. Tailored nutritional care can offer benefits aside from weight gain - it can reduce anxiety, improve quality of life and support adjustment and family understanding, which could help alleviate eating-related distress in those with incurable cancer. Recent findings highlight that individualised nutritional care - encompassing the management of nutrition impact symptoms, emotional support, alignment with personal goals and caregiver support - is essential to high-quality, supportive and palliative care. Nutritional screening and care should be integrated into oncological care, addressing holistic multimodal nutritional needs.