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Updated: Jul 7, 2026
11:06
Human Liver Microphysiological System for Assessing Drug-Induced Liver Toxicity In Vitro
Published on: January 31, 2022
Xenobiotics Induced Liver Toxicity.
Kalina Gjorgjievska1, Kristina Pavlovska1, Dragica Zendelovska1
11University of Ss. Cyril and Methodius, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Preclinical and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Skopje, RN Macedonia.
Summary
Increased exposure to foreign chemicals (xenobiotics) can harm the liver. This review details how the liver processes these substances and the mechanisms causing liver injury, aiding in prevention and treatment.
Area of Science:
- Toxicology
- Hepatology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Human exposure to xenobiotics has risen due to industrialization and technological progress.
- Xenobiotics encompass a wide range of substances, including medications, pesticides, and pollutants.
- The liver is central to metabolizing xenobiotics, but this process can lead to liver damage.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of xenobiotic classification and hepatic biotransformation.
- To elucidate the molecular mechanisms of xenobiotic-induced hepatotoxicity.
- To discuss clinical aspects, diagnostics, and management of liver injury caused by xenobiotics.
Main Methods:
- Literature review and synthesis of existing research on xenobiotic metabolism and hepatotoxicity.
- Analysis of molecular pathways involved in xenobiotic-induced liver injury, including oxidative stress and immune responses.
- Compilation of information on clinical presentations, diagnostic tools, and therapeutic strategies.
Main Results:
- Xenobiotic metabolism in the liver can generate toxic reactive intermediates.
- Key mechanisms of hepatotoxicity include oxidative stress, formation of reactive metabolites, and immune-mediated damage.
- Understanding these pathways is crucial for managing xenobiotic-induced liver injury.
Conclusions:
- Xenobiotic-induced hepatotoxicity is a significant health concern driven by complex molecular mechanisms.
- Early detection and targeted management strategies are vital for improving patient outcomes.
- Further research into specific xenobiotic pathways can enhance prevention and treatment protocols.
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