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Related Concept Videos

Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability. Many...
Unit Cells01:18

Unit Cells

A crystal's internal structure is an orderly array of atoms, ions, or molecules, and the details of this array significantly influence the solid's properties. In a crystal, periodically repeating 'structural motifs' - which could be atoms, molecules, or groups thereof - create a 'space lattice.' This is essentially a three-dimensional, infinite array of points, each surrounded by its neighbors in an identical way, forming the basic structure of the crystal.A 'unit cell' is a theoretical...
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
VSEPR Theory02:37

VSEPR Theory

Valence shell electron-pair repulsion theory (VSEPR theory) enables us to predict the molecular structure around a central atom from an examination of the number of bonds and lone electron pairs in its Lewis structure. The VSEPR model assumes that electron pairs in the valence shell of a central atom will adopt an arrangement that minimizes repulsions between these electron pairs by maximizing the distance between them. The electrons in the valence shell of a central atom form either bonding...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding
06:44

From Molecules to Materials: Engineering New Ionic Liquid Crystals Through Halogen Bonding

Published on: March 24, 2018

Embedded Three-Dimensional Bubble-Like Polar Textures with Ionic-Ordering-Assisted Stabilization in CuInP2S6.

Tongfei Zhang1,2, Yonglan Hou1,2, Di Fan1,2

  • 1School of Physics and Electronics, Hunan University of Science and Technology, Xiangtan, Hunan, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|July 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers stabilized 3D bubble-like polar textures in van der Waals ferroionic crystals using ionic ordering. These textures are promising for advanced memory and neuromorphic devices.

Keywords:
Cu‐ion migrationbubble‐like polar texturesionic orderingtomographic PFMvan der Waals CuInP2S6

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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

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Published on: March 24, 2018

Spark Plasma Sintering Apparatus Used for the Formation of Strontium Titanate Bicrystals
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High-Contrast and Fast Photorheological Switching of a Twist-Bend Nematic Liquid Crystal

Published on: October 31, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Stabilizing three-dimensional (3D) bubble-like polar textures in ferroelectrics is crucial for high-density memory and neuromorphic applications but remains a significant challenge.
  • Van der Waals ferroionic crystals offer a novel platform for exploring exotic polar phenomena.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report the discovery and characterization of embedded 3D bubble-like polar textures in the van der Waals ferroionic crystal CuInP2S6 (CIPS).
  • To investigate the stabilization mechanisms and electrical reconfigurability of these unique polar textures.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized angle-resolved vector piezoresponse force microscopy (AR-VPFM) and tomographic piezoresponse force microscopy (TPFM) to visualize and analyze the 3D polar structures.
  • Employed transmission electron microscopy (TEM) for cross-sectional imaging and to probe local atomic arrangements.
  • Investigated electrical bias-induced reconfiguration of the polar textures.

Main Results:

  • Successfully embedded 3D bubble-like polar textures, identified as isolated, capsule-shaped polar nanostructures within the CIPS lattice.
  • Determined a center-divergent Néel-like polarization configuration and linked texture stabilization to site-selective Cu-ion occupancy and ordering.
  • Observed weak size variation and reversible reconfiguration between bubble-like and quasi-single-domain states via Cu-ion redistribution under electric bias.

Conclusions:

  • Ionic ordering in van der Waals ferroics provides a viable route for stabilizing and manipulating embedded 3D polar textures.
  • These findings open new avenues for developing electrically reconfigurable nanoscale ferroic devices with potential applications in memory and neuromorphic computing.