A Battery of Quantitative Binocular Vision Tests for Adults: Testing Protocols

Sensory fusion and stereopsis are two crucial components of binocular depth perception. Current clinical tests do not provide a quantitative measure of sensory fusion and assess limited aspects of stereopsis. More importantly, patients who show no binocular fusion in standard clinical tests can demonstrate binocular integration and perceive depth from binocular disparity and motion cues, suggesting that current tests are insufficient to examine all aspects of binocularity. A battery of eight tests is presented here to provide a comprehensive assessment of binocular vision. These tests are designed to refine and extend existing assessments by targeting different components of binocular processing. Specifically, letter ocular dominance and plaid motion integration provide quantitative measures of sensory fusion. Binocular integration in peripheral vision is evaluated using fine- and coarse-peripheral stereopsis tests, dynamic local stereopsis, and motion parallax. Motion-in-depth is assessed by dynamic local stereopsis, the Pulfrich task, and motion parallax. An additional da Vinci stereopsis test provides qualitative insight into binocular integration by measuring the occlusion difference between the two eyes. Exemplary results are shown from a participant with normal vision. Modifications to the current protocol can be made to accommodate specific needs and to support applications in broader populations.