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Programmable Cell Orientation Induced by Highly Ordered Gold Nanosphere Arrays.

Yanmei Li¹, Zhen Guo¹, Liang Yuan¹

¹School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces

|July 6, 2026

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Researchers created aligned gold nanospheres on surfaces to guide cell alignment, crucial for tissue engineering and regeneration. This method shows broad applicability across various cell types for advanced regenerative medicine.

Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Cell Biology
Tissue Engineering

Background:

Cellular orientation is essential for native tissue formation and function.
Effective tissue engineering and regeneration strategies require precise control over cell alignment.
Existing methods may lack the specificity or versatility needed for complex tissue constructs.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an anisotropic surface nanostructure for directing cellular orientation.
To investigate the mechanism by which nanotopography influences cell alignment.
To assess the broad applicability of the developed nanostructure across different cell types.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of anisotropic surface nanostructures using linear assemblies of gold nanospheres (AuNSs) on wrinkled polydimethylsiloxane substrates.

Keywords:

AuNS assembly cell alignment cell–material interface focal adhesion mechanotransduction

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Utilizing nanotopographical cues from AuNS linear assemblies to guide cell alignment.

Employing immunofluorescence analysis to study focal adhesion organization and cytoskeletal dynamics (myosin II).

Main Results:

AuNS linear assemblies effectively induced pronounced elongation and directional alignment of RSC96 Schwann cells.
The nanotopographical guidance from AuNSs overrode underlying substrate wrinkle topography.
Cell alignment was linked to directional focal adhesion organization and myosin II-mediated mechanotransduction.
Similar cell-guidance effects were observed in L929 fibroblasts, HeLa cells, and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells.

Conclusions:

Anisotropic surface nanostructures of AuNS linear assemblies provide a potent strategy for controlling cellular architecture.
This approach offers programmable control over cell alignment and migration, advancing tissue engineering and regenerative medicine.
The demonstrated broad applicability across cell types highlights its potential for diverse regenerative applications.