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Development of a therapeutic play knowledge scale for pediatric nurses: a methodological study
Remziye Semerci Şahin1, Özge Karakaya Suzan2, Esra Tekinyıldız3
1Koç University, School of Nursing, Department of Pediatric Nursing, İstanbul, Turkey.
Objective:
This study aimed to develop the Therapeutic Play Knowledge Scale for Pediatric Nurses and to evaluate its psychometric properties, including content validity, construct validity, and reliability.
Method:
This methodological, cross-sectional study was conducted with 222 pediatric nurses. The initial item pool was generated through a systematic literature review and expert consultation. Content validity was evaluated by 10 experts using the Item-Level Content Validity Index (I-CVI) and Scale-Level Content Validity Index (S-CVI). Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) were performed to assess construct validity. Internal consistency was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha and split-half reliability analysis.
Results:
Content validity indices were high (I-CVI = 0.90-0.99; S-CVI = 0.96). EFA revealed a two-factor structure explaining 68.36% of the total variance. The final version of the scale consisted of 23 items under two subscales: Therapeutic Play Knowledge and Application and Child-Centered Therapeutic Communication. CFA supported the two-factor structure with acceptable model fit indices (χ2/df = 2.83; RMSEA = 0.085; CFI = 0.922; IFI = 0.922; TLI = 0.912). Internal consistency was excellent (Cronbach's alpha = 0.954 and 0.961 for subscales; 0.974 for the total scale).
Conclusions:
The Therapeutic Play Knowledge Scale for Pediatric Nurses is a valid and reliable instrument with strong psychometric properties.
Implications For Nursing Practice:
The scale provides a standardized tool to identify knowledge gaps in therapeutic play among pediatric nurses. It can guide the development of targeted educational programs, support evidence-based clinical practice, and contribute to quality improvement initiatives in pediatric care.
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