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A Facile and Eco-friendly Route to Fabricate Poly(Lactic Acid) Scaffolds with Graded Pore Size
Published on: October 17, 2016
Adaptive and intelligent scaffolds: Transforming tissue engineering through material and structural innovations.
Gayathri Vadivel1, Sarath Chandra Veerla2
1School of Sciences and Humanities, SR University, Warangal 506371, India; Department of Physics, KPR Institute of Engineering and Technology, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641 407, India.
Colloids and Surfaces. B, Biointerfaces
|July 6, 2026
Summary
Smart scaffolds with dynamic properties are evolving for tissue engineering. Recent advancements in responsive materials, 3D/4D printing, and biofunctionalization offer proregenerative potential, but clinical translation faces challenges.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Tissue Engineering
- Regenerative Medicine
Background:
- Active scaffold technology is advancing, enabling dynamic interactions with the biological microenvironment.
- Smart scaffolds integrate responsive materials and innovative designs for enhanced biological communication.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an updated overview of recent developments in smart scaffold technology.
- To highlight the integration of responsive materials, advanced fabrication, and biofunctionalization techniques.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent breakthroughs in mechanoactive, electroactive, and stimuli-responsive scaffolds.
- Discussion of 3D/4D printing, additive manufacturing, melt electrowriting, and coaxial extrusion.
- Analysis of biofunctionalization strategies for spatiotemporal delivery and interface engineering.
Main Results:
- Development of mechanoactive, electroactive, and stimuli-responsive scaffolds harnessing biological stimuli for regeneration.
- Advancements in 3D/4D printing for tunable stiffness in bone and neural tissue engineering.
- Progress in scaffold fabrication and biofunctionalization for controlled cellular responses and tissue development.
Conclusions:
- Smart scaffolds show significant promise in tissue engineering, particularly with advancements in materials and fabrication.
- Challenges remain in scaling up novel technologies and establishing clinical relevance.
- Further research is needed to address standardization in in vivo evaluation and regulatory hurdles.
