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Amplitude-Integrated EEG in Infants at Risk of Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy: A Feasibility Study in Road and Air Transport in Western Australia

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Defining neonatal encephalopathy: an international real-time Delphi consensus process.

Aoife Branagan¹, Tim Hurley², Dearbhla Byrne³

¹Discipline of Paediatrics, Trinity College Dublin, the University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland; Trinity Translational Medicine Institute, St James Hospital & Trinity Research in Childhood Centre, Dublin, Ireland; Neonatology, The Coombe Hospital, Dublin, Ireland; Health Research Board Neonatal Encephalopathy PhD Training Network (NEPTuNE), Dublin, Ireland.

The Lancet. Child & Adolescent Health

|July 6, 2026

Summary

A new consensus definition for neonatal encephalopathy (NE) was developed through international collaboration. This standardized terminology aims to improve communication and research for better infant care.

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Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Assessment and Evaluation of the High Risk Neonate: The NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale

Published on: August 25, 2014

Area of Science:

Neonatal Neurology
Clinical Consensus Development
Medical Terminology Standardization

Background:

Neonatal encephalopathy (NE) is a clinical condition with diverse causes and neurological dysfunction.
Current terminology for NE, hypoxic-ischaemic encephalopathy, and perinatal asphyxia is often used interchangeably, hindering research and communication.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish an international, consensus-based definition for neonatal encephalopathy.
To standardize terminology for improved clinical trials, research synthesis, and patient care.

Main Methods:

A systematic review of existing definitions informed a real-time Delphi survey.
Three consensus meetings were conducted with diverse international stakeholders, including healthcare providers, researchers, and families.
The survey received 235 complete and 143 partial responses from 52 countries.

Main Results:

A novel, consensus-based definition for neonatal encephalopathy was finalized.
The definition is structured into primary, secondary, and tertiary domains, detailing clinical characteristics and potential causes.
The primary domain defines NE as a heterogeneous condition with impaired brain function, altered consciousness, and potential seizures or abnormal reflexes.

Conclusions:

The established definition provides a standardized framework for neonatal encephalopathy.
Adoption of this consensus terminology will enhance communication among professionals and families.
Improved terminology is expected to facilitate research, data synthesis, and ultimately enhance the care of infants with NE.