Prevalence and Distribution of Maxillary Pathologies Affecting the Maxillary Sinus: A Retrospective Clinical Study

Area of Science:

• Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
• Otorhinolaryngology
• Radiology

Background:

• Maxillary pathologies frequently involve the maxillary sinus, impacting diagnosis and management.
• Understanding the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of this involvement is crucial for effective treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the prevalence, demographics, laterality, and symptoms of maxillary pathologies with sinus involvement.
• To identify significant associations to refine clinical assessment and interdisciplinary management.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective observational study of 400 surgically treated maxillary pathologies (2018-2022).
• Analysis of 165 cases with confirmed maxillary sinus involvement using OPG, CT, CBCT, and intraoperative data.
• Statistical evaluation of associations between pathology type and demographic/clinical variables.

Main Results:

• Maxillary sinus involvement occurred in 41.25% of cases, predominantly odontogenic (27.9%), cysts (21.2%), and trauma (20.0%).
• Significant associations found between pathology type and age, sex, and laterality (predominantly unilateral, 78.2%).
• Clinical symptoms like pain, voice alteration, and oral malodor showed strong diagnostic value, unlike dental involvement.

Conclusions:

• Maxillary sinus involvement exhibits pathology-specific epidemiological and clinical patterns.
• Odontogenic and inflammatory conditions are common, associated with unilateral presentation and distinct symptoms.
• Findings enhance diagnostic accuracy and interdisciplinary treatment planning in maxillofacial and dental practice.