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Published on: November 30, 2016
Dietary intake patterns in individuals with irritable bowel syndrome identified using Gaussian mixture modeling: a
Ryo Katsumata1, Stine Störsrud2, Sanna Nybacka1
1Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Institute of MedicineSahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Sweden.
Background:
Food-related gastrointestinal symptoms are frequently reported by individuals with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but dietary intake patterns in this population remain insufficiently characterized.
Objective:
This study aimed to identify dietary intake patterns among individuals with IBS and to examine how these patterns relate to nutrient intake, demographics, and symptom severity.
Design:
This secondary cross-sectional study used baseline data from four Swedish IBS cohorts, including two observational studies and two randomized controlled trials.
Participants/Setting:
Adults with physician-diagnosed IBS according to the Rome criteria were recruited from a Swedish clinical and research unit between 2010 and 2022 and included if they completed a four-day food diary.
Main Outcome Measures:
Dietary intake was assessed using a four-day food diary, and nutrient intake was calculated using Dietist XP software based on the Swedish Food Composition Database. IBS symptom severity was measured with the IBS Severity Scoring System. Depressive and somatic symptoms, fatigue, and quality of life were assessed with validated questionnaires.
Statistical Analysis:
Gaussian mixture modeling identified latent dietary clusters based on 14 food groups. Differences between clusters were examined, and additional analyses were performed adjusting for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI).
Results:
A total of 646 individuals with IBS (77% female; median age 36.0 years) were included. Three clusters emerged: a balanced intake cluster (median age: 37.6 years; BMI: 23.6 kg/m2), an unhealthy intake cluster (median age: 32.0 years; BMI 24.3 kg/m2), and a vegetable-predominant cluster (median age: 35.9 years; BMI 22.4 kg/m2). Individuals in the unhealthy cluster reported higher abdominal pain in unadjusted analyses, but this difference was not found to be statistically significant after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI.
Conclusions:
Distinct dietary intake patterns were identified in IBS and were found to be associated with demographics and nutrient intake, but not symptom severity after adjustment for age, sex, and BMI.
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