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Related Concept Videos

Epigenetic Regulation01:37

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic changes alter the physical structure of the DNA without changing the genetic sequence and often regulate whether genes are turned on or off. This regulation ensures that each cell produces only proteins necessary for its function. For example, proteins that promote bone growth are not produced in muscle cells. Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
X-chromosome...
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Epigenetic Regulation01:46

Epigenetic Regulation

Epigenetic mechanisms play an essential role in healthy development. Conversely, precisely regulated epigenetic mechanisms are disrupted in diseases like cancer.
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Covalently Linked Protein Regulators02:04

Covalently Linked Protein Regulators

Proteins can undergo many types of post-translational modifications, often in response to changes in their environment. These modifications play an important role in the function and stability of these proteins. Covalently linked molecules include functional groups, such as methyl, acetyl, and phosphate groups, and also small proteins, such as ubiquitin. There are around 200 different types of covalent regulators that have been identified.
These groups modify specific amino acids in a protein.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Pattern-based Search of Epigenomic Data Using GeNemo
06:38

Pattern-based Search of Epigenomic Data Using GeNemo

Published on: October 8, 2017

Computational advances in epigenetic regulation databases and prediction tools.

Liting Yang1, Mengjie Yang1, Xinyi Li1

  • 1School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China.

Biotechnology Advances
|July 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This review covers epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, and their role in disease. It highlights AI-driven tools and databases for epigenetic research and drug discovery.

Keywords:
DNA methylationDatabaseEpigenetic regulationHistone modificationMachine learningNon-coding RNAsPredictive toolRNA modification

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Area of Science:

  • Epigenetics and computational biology.
  • Genomics and bioinformatics.

Background:

  • Epigenetic regulation involves heritable gene expression changes without DNA sequence alteration, encompassing DNA methylation, histone modification, RNA modification, and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs).
  • Aberrant epigenetic regulation is implicated in numerous diseases.
  • Advancements in high-throughput sequencing have spurred the creation of extensive epigenetic datasets, databases, and computational tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review major databases and prediction tools for various epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation, histone modification, RNA modification, ncRNAs).
  • To highlight the application and potential of artificial intelligence (AI), including machine learning and deep learning, in epigenetic research and pharmaceutical development.
  • To provide a comprehensive overview of integrated resources and multi-algorithm tools, addressing the scarcity of such systematic reviews.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review and data source compilation.
  • Categorization of databases and tools based on epigenetic modification type (DNA methylation, histone modification, RNA modification, ncRNAs) and disease association.
  • Analysis of AI (machine learning, deep learning) applications in epigenetic site prediction and functional mining.

Main Results:

  • Introduction of key databases and computational tools for DNA methylation, histone modification, RNA modification, ncRNAs, and disease-related epigenetic modifications.
  • Emphasis on the growing role of AI, particularly deep learning, in enhancing the accuracy and efficiency of epigenetic analysis.
  • Identification of integrated resources and multi-algorithm tools as crucial for advancing the field.

Conclusions:

  • AI technologies offer significant potential to advance epigenetic research and drug discovery.
  • A comprehensive understanding of available databases and tools is essential for researchers in epigenetics.
  • Future directions involve addressing challenges in computational methods and fostering integrated approaches for deeper mechanistic insights.