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Biological Effects of Radiation

Biological Effects of Radiation

All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they produce ions...

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Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Characterization of Recombination Effects in a Liquid Ionization Chamber Used for the Dosimetry of a Radiosurgical Accelerator

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THGEM-Based Air Ionization Chamber for Online Dose Monitoring in Conventional and FLASH Radiotherapy.

Tianli Qiu¹, Feng Yang², Yi Peng²

¹Department of Radiation Oncology, Precision Radiation in Oncology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China; School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.

International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, Physics

|July 6, 2026

Summary

A novel Thick Gas Electron Multiplier (THGEM) air ionization chamber (THGEM-ADIC) was developed for accurate dose monitoring in both conventional and ultra-high dose rate radiotherapy. This device shows promising results for clinical translation of Flash-RT technology.

Keywords:

Air ionization chamber Dose linearity Flash radiotherapy Thick Gas Electron Multiplier Ultra-high dose rate radiotherapy

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Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

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Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Irradiator Commissioning and Dosimetry for Assessment of LQ α and β Parameters, Radiation Dosing Schema, and in vivo Dose Deposition

Published on: March 11, 2021

Area of Science:

Medical Physics
Radiation Oncology
Detector Technology

Background:

Accurate dose monitoring is crucial for effective radiotherapy.
Conventional ionization chambers face challenges in ultra-high dose rate (UHDR) environments.
Thick Gas Electron Multiplier (THGEM) technology offers potential solutions due to its uniform microstructure.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an online dose monitoring device applicable to both conventional and ultra-high dose rate radiotherapy.
To utilize Thick Gas Electron Multiplier (THGEM) technology for improved dose monitoring.
To address charge density issues in high dose rate radiotherapy.

Main Methods:

Developed a THGEM-based air ionization chamber (THGEM-ADIC) by covering electrodes with Mylar conductive films.
Created independent micro-ionization chambers within each microhole.
Tested the device's performance in conventional and UHDR radiotherapy settings.

Main Results:

THGEM-ADIC demonstrated linear response within ±3% compared to standard chambers in conventional radiotherapy (1-100 Gy).
The device showed rapid signal response, enabling measurement of Flash-RT accelerator macro-pulse structures.
In UHDR environments (up to 250 Gy/s), THGEM-ADIC maintained linearity >99% but showed dose-rate dependence.

Conclusions:

THGEM-ADIC offers accurate dose monitoring comparable to traditional chambers in conventional radiotherapy.
The device is suitable for precise dose monitoring in ultra-high dose rate Flash radiotherapy.
THGEM-ADIC serves as a valuable dosimetric tool for the clinical implementation of Flash-RT.