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Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

A Nonviral Approach to Generate Transient Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Using mRNA for Cancer Immunotherapy
09:56

A Nonviral Approach to Generate Transient Chimeric Antigen Receptor T Cells Using mRNA for Cancer Immunotherapy

Published on: February 21, 2025

Transient T cell therapies.

Yudian Xiao1, Mingliang Bai1, Melgious Jin Yan Ang2

  • 1State Key Laboratory of RNA Innovation, Science and Engineering, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, P.R. China.

Advances in Pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.)
|July 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

In vivo CAR-T cell therapy programs T cells directly within the body, offering a safer and more scalable alternative to traditional methods. Transient expression via non-viral vectors enhances control and broadens therapeutic applications.

Keywords:
Autoimmune diseasesCancer immunotherapyChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapyIn vivo CAR-TLipid nanoparticles (LNPs)MRNA therapeuticsTransient CAR expression

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Isolation, Cultivation, and Transient Transfection of Primary Human T Cells to Generate Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cells
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Isolation, Cultivation, and Transient Transfection of Primary Human T Cells to Generate Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cells

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Transduction and Expansion of Primary T Cells in Nine Days with Maintenance of Central Memory Phenotype
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Transduction and Expansion of Primary T Cells in Nine Days with Maintenance of Central Memory Phenotype

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Isolation, Cultivation, and Transient Transfection of Primary Human T Cells to Generate Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T Cells
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Transduction and Expansion of Primary T Cells in Nine Days with Maintenance of Central Memory Phenotype
08:49

Transduction and Expansion of Primary T Cells in Nine Days with Maintenance of Central Memory Phenotype

Published on: March 18, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Immunotherapy
  • Cellular Therapy
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy shows promise in blood cancers but faces challenges with viral vectors and complex manufacturing.
  • Existing methods raise concerns regarding safety, cost, and scalability, necessitating innovative approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore next-generation CAR-T cell therapies, focusing on in vivo strategies and transient expression.
  • To review delivery systems for in situ T cell programming and discuss their advantages over ex vivo methods.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of delivery strategies, including electroporation, non-viral vectors (e.g., lipid nanoparticles with mRNA), and virus-like particles.
  • Analysis of the pharmacological rationale for transient CAR expression.
  • Summary of current clinical trials for transient CAR-T cell therapy.

Main Results:

  • Non-viral vectors enable transient CAR expression, offering pharmacological control and avoiding insertional mutagenesis.
  • In vivo CAR-T cell therapy bypasses complex ex vivo manufacturing, improving scalability and safety.
  • Transient CAR-T cell therapy is being investigated for both oncological and non-oncological indications.

Conclusions:

  • Transient CAR-T cell therapy, particularly using non-viral vectors, presents a promising paradigm for safer, scalable, and versatile immunotherapy.
  • Further development of next-generation transient CAR-T cell therapies holds potential for broader clinical applications beyond oncology.