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Related Concept Videos

Necrosis01:16

Necrosis

Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
Morphological Manifestations of Necrosis
Necrotic cells show different types of morphological appearance depending on the type of tissue and infection. In coagulative necrosis, cells become anucleated and die, but their...
Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria01:19

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...
Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins01:39

Mitochondrial Precursor Proteins

Mitochondrial precursors are partially unfolded or loosely folded polypeptide chains. Newly synthesized precursors are inhibited from spontaneously folding into their native conformation by the cytosolic chaperones, heat shock proteins 70 (Hsp70), and mitochondrial import stimulation factors (MSFs). Precursors bound to MSFs are guided to the TOM70-TOM37 receptors, while precursors bound to Hsp70  chaperones are targetted to TOM20-TOM22 receptor complexes.
Most of the mitochondrial precursors...
Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II01:46

Electron Transport Chain: Complex I and II

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) is the main energy generation system in the eukaryotic cells. However, mitochondria also produce cytotoxic reactive oxygen species (ROS) due to the large electron flow during oxidative phosphorylation. While Complex I is one of the primary sources of superoxide radicals, ROS production by Complex II is uncommon and may only be observed in cancer cells with mutated complexes.
ROS generation is regulated and maintained at moderate levels necessary...
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
Mitochondria01:37

Mitochondria

Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Revealing the Ferroptotic Phenotype of Medulloblastoma
04:01

Revealing the Ferroptotic Phenotype of Medulloblastoma

Published on: March 15, 2024

Mitochondria setting the stage for ferroptosis.

Sofia Ahola1

  • 1Department of Metabolism and Systems Science, College of Medicine and Health, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.

Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism: TEM
|July 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondria, not just the cell’s powerhouses, are key regulators of ferroptosis, a cell death process. This understanding opens new avenues for treating mitochondrial diseases by targeting ferroptosis.

Keywords:
coenzyme Qferroptosisiron–sulfur clusterlipid peroxidationmitochondrial disease

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Revealing the Ferroptotic Phenotype of Medulloblastoma
04:01

Revealing the Ferroptotic Phenotype of Medulloblastoma

Published on: March 15, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biochemistry
  • Mitochondrial Medicine

Background:

  • Ferroptosis is an iron-dependent cell death pathway driven by lipid peroxidation.
  • Emerging evidence highlights mitochondria's central role in regulating ferroptosis, impacting iron metabolism, lipid composition, and redox balance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review ferroptosis from a mitochondrial perspective.
  • To explore the relevance of ferroptosis in primary mitochondrial diseases.
  • To identify therapeutic opportunities for mitochondrial diseases by targeting ferroptosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on mitochondrial regulation of ferroptosis.
  • Analysis of emerging roles of mitochondrial components in ferroptosis.
  • Examination of the link between ferroptosis and mitochondrial pathology.

Main Results:

  • Mitochondria are central regulators of ferroptosis, coordinating key metabolic and redox processes.
  • Mitochondrial iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis, CoQ metabolism, lipid remodelling, and stress signalling influence ferroptotic vulnerability.
  • Ferroptosis is increasingly linked to mitochondrial pathology, suggesting shared mechanisms.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondria play a critical role in ferroptosis, challenging previous cytosolic-centric views.
  • Understanding ferroptosis in the context of mitochondrial disease offers novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Targeting ferroptosis pathways presents a promising approach for treating primary mitochondrial disorders.