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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Single-Molecule Imaging of EWS-FLI1 Condensates Assembling on DNA

Single-Molecule Imaging of EWS-FLI1 Condensates Assembling on DNA

Published on: September 8, 2021

Structural insights into the MLH1-FAN1 interaction reveal an uncharacterized binding interface on MLH1.

Yichang Chen¹, Haiyun Hu¹, Xinci Shang¹

¹Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Discovery and Translational Research for Brain Diseases, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China.

Nature Communications

|July 6, 2026

Summary

Researchers elucidated the structural basis of the interaction between mismatch repair protein MLH1 and nuclease FAN1, crucial for regulating CAG repeat expansion in Huntington's disease.

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Tools to Study the Role of Architectural Protein HMGB1 in the Processing of Helix Distorting, Site-specific DNA Interstrand Crosslinks

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Published on: November 10, 2016

Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Structural Biology

Background:

Huntington's disease pathogenesis involves CAG repeat expansion in the mutant huntingtin gene.
Nuclease FAN1 and mismatch repair protein MLH1 interact to regulate this expansion, but the structural details are unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the structural basis of the interaction between human MLH1 and nuclease FAN1.
To provide a structural framework for understanding the regulation of CAG repeat expansion.

Main Methods:

Co-immunoprecipitation assays to confirm protein interactions in cells.
X-ray crystallography to determine the structures of MLH1-FAN1 complexes.
Analysis of MLH1-FAN1 binding affinities using FAN1-derived peptides.

Main Results:

The MLH1 C-terminal domain binds FAN1-derived MIP and MIM motifs with similar affinities.
Crystal structures revealed conserved MLH1-MIP recognition and a novel S3 binding site for MLH1-MIM.
Mutating key MLH1 residues disrupted FAN1 binding in cellular assays.

Conclusions:

Established the molecular basis for MLH1-FAN1 recognition.
Identified novel binding interactions and sites between MLH1 and FAN1.
Provided structural insights into the regulation of CAG repeat expansion in Huntington's disease.