Comparing in-person and online recruitment methods in a prospective pediatric cohort study

Recruitment difficulties frequently hinder pediatric clinical research, underscoring the need for strategic approaches to optimize limited time and resources. This study evaluates the efficacy of in-person versus internet-based recruitment methods.

The prospective Pediatric Respiratory Co-infection and Immunologic Response (Peds RECON) Study analyzed immune responses to respiratory viral infections in children. We implemented a dynamic strategy from January 2024 to May 2025. In-person methods included tabling and direct engagement. Online strategies utilized social media advertisements, ResearchMatch, and Facebook Parent Groups. We analyzed feasibility by comparing reach (interest expressed) and calculated conversion efficiency (enrollment proportion) using a statistical comparison.

Of 118 individuals expressing interest, 91% (n = 107) originated through in-person methods compared to 9% (n = 11) from online outreach. After full explanation of study conduct and requirements, total enrollment reached 47 subjects, 43 recruited via in-person efforts and 4 online. While conversion rates were statistically similar between approaches, tabling yielded the highest volume. Facebook Parent Groups were the only successful online strategy.

In-person recruitment achieved superior reach compared to online strategies in this cohort. Although conversion efficiency was comparable, resource-intensive traditional engagement remains the primary driver for successful accrual. These findings inform resource allocation and epidemiologic methods for future pediatric studies.

Peds RECON found in-person recruitment methods significantly more effective than social media at reaching and enrolling pediatric participants. Findings suggest face-to-face interaction remains essential for building the rapport necessary in pediatric research. Results offer a practical framework for researchers when investing in staff-led outreach, which yields better results than digital advertising budgets. Future research is needed to bridge the trust gap in digital strategies to improve cost- and time-effective recruitment options.