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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 8, 2026

Use of Principal Components for Scaling Up Topographic Models to Map Soil Redistribution and Soil Organic Carbon

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Published on: October 16, 2018

Is there a cost in forming statistical summary representations at multiple spatial scales?

Sandarsh Pandey^1,2, Kyle R Cave³

¹Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA. sandarsh.pandey@gmail.com.

Attention, Perception & Psychophysics

|July 6, 2026

Summary

Forming statistical summary representations (SSRs) at multiple spatial scales incurs a cost in visual processing. This cost arises from creating individual representations, not the averaging process, suggesting ensemble coding efficiency depends on single-item processing.

Keywords:

Attention Automaticity Visual perception

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Published on: July 24, 2016

Area of Science:

Cognitive Psychology
Neuroscience
Visual Perception

Background:

Visual processing utilizes statistical summary representations (SSRs) to encode group properties.
The resource demands of forming SSRs (ensemble coding) are debated.
This study investigates costs of forming SSRs across multiple spatial scales.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine if forming statistical summary representations (SSRs) at multiple spatial scales incurs a cost in visual processing efficiency.
To test a two-part framework for SSR formation (single-item representation and averaging).
To elucidate the source of potential costs in SSR formation.

Main Methods:

Participants estimated mean orientation of large (low spatial frequency) or small (high spatial frequency) rectangles in Navon-like stimuli.
A cueing paradigm (Experiment 1a) assessed SSR formation costs at multiple scales.
Single-item orientation estimation (Experiment 1b) and within-subject task variation (Experiment 2) were employed.

Main Results:

Forming SSRs at multiple spatial scales incurs a cost in visual processing efficiency.
Estimating single-item orientation at multiple scales also incurs a cost.
No additional cost was found for SSR formation beyond the single-item representation cost; averaging appears cost-free.

Conclusions:

The cost of SSR formation is linked to the creation of single-item representations, not the averaging process.
Ensemble coding efficiency may depend on the efficiency of processing individual items.
Findings contribute to the debate on resource capacity for SSR formation.