Unlocking New Hope: Advances in the Application of Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in Female Infertility

Mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) therapy represents a rapidly evolving domain within regenerative medicine research and its clinical applications. As a therapeutic approach in regenerative medicine, MSCs therapy holds a distinct position in addressing female infertility, attributed to its low immunogenicity and robust capacities for self-renewal and differentiation. Empirical studies have demonstrated that the transplantation of MSCs derived from various sources, such as menstrual fluid, endometrium, bone marrow, adipose tissue, and umbilical cord, can effectively facilitate the restoration of ovarian and endometrial morphology and function. This offers promising prospects for the treatment of a range of female infertility-related conditions, including ovarian insufficiency, intrauterine adhesion, and polycystic ovary syndrome. This review article examines the underlying mechanisms and recent advancements in research on MSCs from diverse sources within the female reproductive system. Furthermore, it elucidates the application of MSCs in clinical trials targeting ovarian and endometrial pathologies.