Human-Centered Innovation: Precision Nutrition and the Future of Food

Nutritional science is moving beyond one-size-fits-all recommendations toward more precise and personalized approaches, yet its implementation pathway remains unclear. This paper proposes a human-centered precision nutrition framework that highlights the central roles of artificial intelligence (AI), food innovation, and human agency. By integrating multidimensional data, including clinical phenotypes, multi-omics, lifestyle, and personal context, AI can assess health status to identify "what needs to be regulated" and predict dietary responses based on baseline characteristics to determine "what should be supplemented", thereby supporting more precise dietary predictions and recommendations. However, because people are dynamic social beings, precision nutrition must also account for real-world constraints, including habits, time, finances, emotions, and daily routines. Therefore, dietary recommendations should be translated into diverse options that support personal autonomy in deciding "how to supplement". As important carriers of intervention, food materials may range from whole foods and natural ingredients to functional extracts, probiotics, and rationally designed functional components. Technological innovation can further translate these materials into diverse delivery formats and service models that better fit daily life. Looking ahead, precision nutrition should be guided by human-centered design, translating scientific and technological advances into practical, accessible, and sustainable dietary strategies that become part of everyday life.