Toxicological Effects of Benzene on Blood and Biochemical Profiles Among Fuel Station Workers in Southern Saudi...

Benzene is a widely-used industrial solvent recognized for its toxic effects on multiple organ systems. Occupational exposure, particularly among gasoline station attendants, has been associated with hematological disturbances and alterations in lipid metabolism. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of benzene exposure on hematological and biochemical markers among gasoline station workers in the Asir region of southern Saudi Arabia.

A total of 206 participants were enrolled, comprising 106 benzene-exposed workers that were categorized into three subgroups based on duration of exposure: less than 2 years, 2 to 4 years, and more than 4 years. An additional 100 unexposed individuals, matched for age and gender, served as the control group. Laboratory assessments included CBC, electrolytes, GLU, lipid profile, PO₄³-, ALP, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺.

Benzene exposure was significantly associated with a reduction in RBC count and related indices (p < 0.05), while HGB and HCT levels were elevated (p < 0.005). Lipid profile analysis revealed significant increases in LDL, VLDL, and TG, along with a marked decrease in HDL (p ≤ 0.0001). Electrolyte analysis showed disturbances, particularly in potassium levels (p ≤ 0.0001). Furthermore, significantly elevated levels of PO₄³-, ALP, and Mg²⁺ (p ≤ 0.0001) in the exposed group suggested potential negative effects on bone metabolism.

This study demonstrates that chronic occupational exposure to benzene is associated with significant hematological abnormalities, dyslipidemia, electrolyte imbalances, and alterations in bone-related biochemical markers. These findings highlight the need for regular health monitoring and the implementation of protective measures for gasoline station workers and others in similar occupational environments.