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Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces
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Space-Time Coding Conformal Metasurfaces for Multifrequency Beam Steering and Shaping.

Filippo Pepe1, Lei Zhang2, Yi Ning Zheng2

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Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
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Space-time coding metasurfaces achieve dynamic control of electromagnetic waves on curved surfaces. This breakthrough enables multifrequency beam steering and shaping for conformal applications.

Keywords:
conformalmetasurfacemultifrequency synthesisspace‐time coding

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Area of Science:

  • Electromagnetics
  • Materials Science
  • Wave Engineering

Background:

  • Static metasurfaces offer limited wave control.
  • Conformal (curved) platforms are prevalent but underexplored for dynamic wave manipulation.
  • Space-time coding metasurfaces combine spatial and temporal modulation for advanced functionalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate space-time coding conformal metasurfaces for multifrequency beam steering and shaping.
  • To explore wave manipulation on nonplanar structures.
  • To address the limited research on conformal metasurfaces.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a representative cylindrical geometry for modeling curvature effects.
  • Employed semi-analytical modeling combined with hybrid synthesis techniques, including evolutionary optimization.
  • Designed and experimentally validated an X-band conformal prototype with a segmented architecture.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated multifrequency beam steering and shaping on curved surfaces.
  • Achieved good agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental measurements.
  • Validated the viability of space-time coding for conformal environments.

Conclusions:

  • Space-time coding is a viable and scalable approach for dynamic wave manipulation on curved surfaces.
  • Conformal metasurfaces can achieve advanced functionalities previously limited to planar platforms.
  • This work paves the way for dynamic wave control in realistic conformal environments.