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Following in Real Time the Impact of Pneumococcal Virulence Factors in an Acute Mouse Pneumonia Model Using Bioluminescent Bacteria
Published on: February 23, 2014
Incidence of Recurrent Invasive Pneumococcal Disease in Canada.
Leah J Ricketson1, Altynay Shigayeva2, Irina Rajakumar3
1Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
JAMA Network Open
|July 7, 2026
Summary
Recurrent invasive pneumococcal disease (rIPD) is a significant risk for survivors of initial IPD, persisting for years. Prioritizing vaccination for eligible IPD patients is crucial for prevention.
Area of Science:
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Recurrent invasive pneumococcal disease (rIPD) represents a substantial clinical burden, necessitating a deeper understanding for effective prevention strategies.
- Vaccination is a key public health intervention for reducing the incidence of IPD and its recurrences.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the incidence of rIPD in adults following a primary IPD episode.
- To identify risk factors associated with the development of rIPD.
- To evaluate the role of pneumococcal vaccination in preventing rIPD.
Main Methods:
- A population-based, multicenter cohort study was conducted using active surveillance data for IPD in adults.
- Data were collected from January 1, 2004, to December 31, 2022, in Calgary and Toronto-Peel regions, Canada.
- Multivariable logistic regression was used to assess risk factors for rIPD.
Main Results:
- Of 7006 adults surviving a primary IPD episode, 3.9% experienced rIPD.
- The incidence rate ratio of rIPD was significantly elevated, particularly in the first year post-primary IPD (IRR, 152) and remained high for up to 17 years (IRR, 15).
- Risk factors for rIPD included stem cell transplant/hematologic cancer, HIV infection, homelessness, and alcohol use disorder; vaccination eligibility was high but uptake was low.
Conclusions:
- The risk of rIPD is substantially elevated and prolonged following an initial IPD episode.
- A significant proportion of patients with IPD are eligible for pneumococcal vaccination but remain unvaccinated, highlighting a missed prevention opportunity.
- Prioritizing recommended pneumococcal vaccination for IPD patients is essential to reduce the burden of recurrent disease.
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