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Duality between Correlation Functions and Wilson Loops in Gauge Theory from Effective Field Theory
Hao Chen1, Pier Francesco Monni2, Zhaoyan Pang3
1Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Center for Theoretical Physics-A Leinweber Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
Physical Review Letters
|July 7, 2026
Summary
This study introduces a new factorization theorem for correlation functions in Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD) within the sequential light-cone limit. This method reveals a duality with Wilson loops, enabling novel calculations in gauge theories.
Area of Science:
- High Energy Physics
- Quantum Field Theory
- Particle Physics
Background:
- Understanding n-point correlation functions (CFs) is crucial in gauge theories.
- The sequential light-cone (SLC) limit offers a unique perspective for studying these functions.
- Previous studies lacked a systematic approach for CFs in the SLC limit, especially beyond one loop.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically study n-point correlation functions in gauge theories within the SLC limit.
- To formulate a factorization theorem for four-vector current CFs in QCD using soft-collinear effective field theory (SCET).
- To determine conformal-symmetry-breaking terms in QCD up to three loops.
Main Methods:
- Development of a factorization theorem for four-vector current CFs in the SLC limit.
- Application of soft-collinear effective field theory (SCET) tools.
- Calculation of singular terms in QCD up to three loops.
Main Results:
- A novel duality between correlation functions and Wilson loops in nonconformal field theories is uncovered.
- The singular structure of CFs is described by dressed null polygonal Wilson loops, jet functions, and current form factors.
- The first determination of three-loop singular terms in QCD's four-point CF in the SLC limit, including conformal-symmetry-breaking terms.
Conclusions:
- The derived factorization theorem provides a powerful tool for analyzing gauge theories in the SLC limit.
- Results are verified against anomalous conformal Ward identities and N=4 SYM correlation functions.
- The framework is generalizable to multipoint correlation functions, paving the way for future SCET applications.
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