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Related Concept Videos

Menopause01:28

Menopause

Menopause, a natural biological process marking the end of a woman's fertility, typically occurs between the fifth and sixth decade of life. This phase is characterized by the exhaustion of the ovarian follicle pool, leading to less responsive ovaries despite the high levels of Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing Hormone (LH). The consequential decrease in estrogen production results in symptoms like hot flashes, heavy sweating, headaches, hair loss, muscle pains, vaginal...
Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

Exercise and Cardiovascular Response

Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle01:22

Hormonal Regulation of the Menstrual Cycle

The ovarian cycle regulates endometrial changes throughout a single menstrual cycle via the coordinated action of gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and gonadotrophins.
At puberty, GnRH begins a pulsatile release pattern, which triggers the anterior pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). The frequency and amplitude of GnRH pulses vary across the menstrual cycle, with faster pulses favoring LH release and slower pulses favoring FSH release.
Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle01:30

Hormonal Control of the Ovarian Cycle

The ovarian cycle is meticulously regulated by the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. This cycle orchestrates the release of a mature oocyte, essential for reproduction.
Before puberty, the hypothalamus releases GnRH in a low frequency, low amplitude pulsatile manner. This along with the immature hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activity, results in low estrogen levels and the absence of a fully functional ovarian cycle.  At puberty, GnRH secretion increases in both frequency and...
Exercise Stress Test01:26

Exercise Stress Test

Introduction
Exercise stress testing, commonly known as a treadmill test, is a noninvasive procedure used to evaluate cardiovascular function and diagnose heart conditions.
Definition
An exercise stress test measures the heart's response to exertion using a treadmill or stationary bicycle. Chest electrodes record the heart's electrical activity through an ECG, and blood pressure is monitored regularly.
Purposes
Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

A Method to Study the Impact of Chemically-induced Ovarian Failure on Exercise Capacity and Cardiac Adaptation in Mice
14:26

A Method to Study the Impact of Chemically-induced Ovarian Failure on Exercise Capacity and Cardiac Adaptation in Mice

Published on: April 7, 2014

Bridging the gap: Multi-omic Insights into Exercise Responses in Post-Menopausal Women.

Rushali Kullachanda Aiyanna1, Sisi Wang1, Robin Grolaux1

  • 1Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute (ARMI), Monash University, Victoria, Australia.

American Journal of Physiology. Endocrinology and Metabolism
|July 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Post-menopausal women need tailored exercise research. Understanding exercise responses across genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics is crucial for developing personalized health strategies.

Keywords:
Exerciseepigenomicslipidomicsmenopausemetabolomicsproteomics

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

A Method to Study the Impact of Chemically-induced Ovarian Failure on Exercise Capacity and Cardiac Adaptation in Mice
14:26

A Method to Study the Impact of Chemically-induced Ovarian Failure on Exercise Capacity and Cardiac Adaptation in Mice

Published on: April 7, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Exercise biology
  • Endocrinology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Post-menopausal women are a growing demographic at risk for sarcopenia and cardiometabolic disease.
  • Current exercise research often excludes this group, using male or hormone-replete models.
  • Menopause significantly alters hormonal balance, impacting metabolism, inflammation, and recovery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize existing evidence on exercise responses in post-menopausal females across multiple omics layers.
  • To identify limitations in current research, including under-reporting of menopausal status and related factors.
  • To propose a framework for menopause-aware exercise-omics research.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review and synthesis of current literature on exercise responses in post-menopausal women.
  • Analysis of data across genomics, epigenomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics/lipidomics.
  • Identification of common data gaps and methodological challenges.

Main Results:

  • Direct omics data in post-menopausal cohorts are limited.
  • Inconsistent reporting of menopausal status, hormone therapy, and sampling times hinders research.
  • Existing data show hormonal shifts influence molecular exercise responses.

Conclusions:

  • A menopause-aware framework is needed for exercise-omics research.
  • This framework should prioritize endocrine stratification and integrative multi-omics.
  • Improved reporting standards are essential for reproducibility and developing precision exercise strategies.