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Stimulation of Right Temporal Cortex Enhances Talker Typicality Judgments.

Sahil Luthra1, Hannah Mechtenberg2, Hannah E Olson2

  • 1Stony Brook University.

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The right middle temporal gyrus (RMTG) is crucial for listeners to identify talker-specific speech sounds. Disrupting the RMTG impairs the ability to recognize phonetic details associated with individual talkers.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Auditory Perception
  • Speech Processing

Background:

  • Listeners are sensitive to talker-specific speech variations.
  • Neuroimaging suggests right hemisphere involvement in integrating talker information during speech perception.
  • The necessity of right hemisphere recruitment for this process remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the causal role of the right middle temporal gyrus (RMTG) in accessing talker-specific phonetic information.
  • To determine if RMTG activation is necessary for integrating talker identity and phonetic details.
  • To examine the hemispheric balance in processing talker-specific phonetic cues.

Main Methods:

  • Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) was used to temporarily disrupt specific brain regions.
  • Participants learned to associate phonetic variations (voice onset time) with different talkers.
  • TMS was applied to the RMTG, left middle temporal gyrus (LMTG), or a control site before participants judged talker-typical phonetic variations.

Main Results:

  • Stimulation of the RMTG significantly improved listeners' ability to identify talker-specific phonetic variations.
  • TMS applied to the LMTG did not affect performance compared to the control site.
  • Performance was highest when the RMTG was stimulated, indicating its critical role.

Conclusions:

  • The RMTG plays a necessary causal role in accessing talker-specific phonetic details.
  • Hemispheric balance, particularly involving the RMTG, is critical for processing talker-specific speech information.
  • These findings advance our understanding of the neural basis of speech perception and talker normalization.