Related Experiment Videos
Turkish cross-sectional survEy of glycemic and other Metabolic parameters in patients with type 2 Diabetes in 2023:
Alper Sonmez1, Cem Haymana2, Ibrahim Demirci1
1Ankara Guven Hospital, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Türkiye.
Aim:
Five years after the first "Turkish nationwide survEy of glycemic and other Metabolic parameters of patients with type 2 Diabetes" (TEMD-1), attainment of glycemic, arterial blood pressure (ABP), and LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) goals was re-investigated in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with an additional focus on therapeutic inertia.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study consecutively enrolled patients from 70 tertiary endocrine centers across Türkiye (November 2022-January 2023). Metabolic targets were HbA1c <7% (<53 mmol/mol), home ABP <135/85 mmHg, and risk-stratified LDL-C <55, <70, or <100 mg/dL (<1.4, <1.8, or <2.6 mmol/L). Therapeutic inertia was defined as failure to intensify treatment at enrollment.
Results:
Among the 4956 participants (mean age: 58.9 ± 10.0 years, women: 59.8%), HbA1c, ABP, LDL-C and triple metabolic control target attainment rates were 36.7%, 71.1%, 8.7%, and 2.8%, respectively. Glycemic control rate was found lower than the previous survey (40.0% vs. 36.7%, p < 0.001), while LDL-C control rate improved (7.0% vs. 8.7%, p = 0.002). Patients with established cardiovascular disease (CVD) showed worse outcomes, with triple metabolic control rate of 1.6%. The rate of severely uncontrolled diabetes (HbA1c >9%/75 mmol/mol) was 23.6%. Therapeutic inertia was observed by 33.5%, persisting uniformly across subgroups. Younger age, male sex, longer diabetes duration, lower socioeconomic status, and microvascular complications were independently associated with poor glycemic control.
Conclusions:
Metabolic control remains suboptimal in Turkish T2DM patients, and one-third of patients with severe hyperglycemia showed therapeutic inertia. Systematic interventions and intensified strategies are urgently needed to improve diabetes outcomes and treatment inertia (ClinicalTrials.gov number NCT06347445).
Related Concept Videos
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction
Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
Hyperglycemia
Carbohydrate Metabolism
Starch accounts for approximately 60% of the carbohydrates consumed by humans. Since amylase enzymes cannot function in the stomach's acidic environment, starch can only be digested in the mouth and small intestine. Simple sugars are found naturally in milk and fruits in the...