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Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Multimodal Analysis of Microplastics in Drinking Water using a Silicon Nanomembrane Analysis Pipeline
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Published on: June 13, 2025

Microplastics selectively modify ranavirus-driven physiological disruption and gut microbiome restructuring in

Jun-Kyu Park1, Ji-Eun Lee1, Jun-Sung Kim1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, 32588, Republic of Korea.

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Toxicology & Pharmacology : CBP
|July 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Ranavirus (RV) severely impacts amphibian health, while microplastics (MPs) worsen these effects. This study reveals how these combined stressors harm frog physiology and gut bacteria, increasing ecological risks.

Keywords:
Amphibian conservationHost–microbiome integrationMultiple stressorsPhysiological disruption

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental toxicology
  • Amphibian physiology
  • Microbiome research

Background:

  • Amphibians face combined environmental and infectious stressors.
  • Microplastics (MPs) and ranavirus (RV) are significant threats.
  • Understanding their interactive effects is crucial for amphibian conservation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the combined effects of MPs and RV on white tree frog physiology and gut microbiome.
  • To identify the primary stressor and its interaction with the other.
  • To assess the integrated physiological and microbial responses.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a multiblock approach integrating diverse physiological and microbiome endpoints.
  • Measured corticosterone (CORT), body condition, serum biochemistry, antioxidant activity, and gut microbiome profiles.
  • Analyzed structural changes in the gut microbiome using UniFrac analyses.

Main Results:

  • Ranavirus (RV) was the primary driver of physiological disruption, affecting body condition, protein homeostasis, and organ function.
  • Microplastics (MPs) directly impacted CORT, bioenergetic budget, and antioxidant defense.
  • Increased MP exposure amplified RV viral load, infection rates, and overall physiological harm, altering gut microbiome structure.

Conclusions:

  • RV is the principal physiological disruptor in white tree frogs.
  • MPs act as a modifier, exacerbating RV-induced responses and increasing physiological disruption.
  • These combined stressors pose a hidden cost, elevating ecological risk for amphibians.