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Related Concept Videos

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview01:24

IR Spectroscopy: Molecular Vibration Overview

When Infrared (IR) radiation passes through a covalently bonded molecule, the bonds transition from lower to higher vibrational levels. The fundamental vibrational motions that result in infrared absorption can be classified as stretching or bending vibrations.
Stretching vibrations are vibrational motions that occur along the bond line, changing the bond length or distance between two bonded atoms. They are further distinguished as symmetric or asymmetric. In symmetric stretching, the...
Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and the...
IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration01:16

IR Spectroscopy: Hooke's Law Approximation of Molecular Vibration

A covalently bonded heteronuclear diatomic molecule can be modeled as two vibrating masses connected by a spring. The vibrational frequency of the bond can be expressed using an equation derived from Hooke's law, which describes how the force applied to stretch or compress a spring is proportional to the displacement of the spring. In this case, the atoms behave like masses, and the bond acts like a spring.
According to Hooke's law, the vibrational frequency is directly proportional to the...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems01:32

UV–Vis Spectroscopy of Conjugated Systems

Organic compounds with conjugated double bonds show strong absorption features in the UV–visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum attributed to π → π* electronic excitations. Generally, a UV–vis absorption spectrum is recorded as a plot of absorbance vs wavelength. The wavelength of maximum absorbance, which manifests as a peak in the absorption spectrum, is denoted as λmax.
One of the factors influencing λmax is the extent of conjugation in the...
¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution00:52

¹H NMR of Conformationally Flexible Molecules: Temporal Resolution

At room temperature, the chair conformer of cyclohexane undergoes rapid ring flipping between two equivalent chair conformers at a rate of approximately 105 times per second. These two chair conformers are in equilibrium. The rapid ring flipping results in the interconversion of the axial proton to an equatorial proton and an equatorial to the axial proton. Such interconversions are too rapid and cannot be detected on the NMR timescale. Hence, the NMR spectrometer cannot distinguish between the...
UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions01:16

UV–Vis Spectroscopy: Molecular Electronic Transitions

In Ultraviolet–Visible (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, the absorption of electromagnetic radiation is used to probe the electronic structure of molecules. This technique provides insights into molecular electronic transitions, particularly the movement of electrons between different molecular orbitals. Radiation is absorbed if the energy of the electromagnetic radiation passing through the molecule is precisely equal to the energy difference between the excited and ground states. During this process,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Ensemble Force Spectroscopy by Shear Forces
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Published on: July 26, 2022

Full vibrational spectroscopy for simultaneous mechanical, structural and chemical analysis.

Morteza Behrouzitabar1,2, Kārlis Bērziņš3, Renzo Vanna4

  • 1Department of Physics, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy. morteza@spectophotonics.com.

Nature Communications
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A new method uses a Birefringence-Induced Phase Delay filter to measure the full vibrational spectrum, enabling simultaneous analysis of mechanical, structural, and chemical properties. This technique enhances material characterization and pharmaceutical analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Spectroscopy and Photonics
  • Materials Science
  • Pharmaceutical Analysis

Background:

  • Inelastic light scattering reveals molecular vibrations, offering insights into material properties.
  • Strong elastic scattering often obscures low-frequency vibrational information.
  • Simultaneous analysis of mechanical, structural, and chemical properties is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a multimodal, label-free optical method for comprehensive vibrational spectrum analysis.
  • To overcome limitations of elastic scattering in low-frequency vibrational spectroscopy.
  • To enable simultaneous acquisition of Brillouin, ultra-low-frequency Raman (ULFR), and Raman spectra.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a Birefringence-Induced Phase Delay filter for efficient elastic scattering suppression.
  • Achieved high extinction ratio and ultranarrow bandwidth for broad spectral coverage (0.1 to >3,500 cm⁻¹).
  • Integrated Brillouin, ULFR, and Raman spectroscopy into a single platform.

Main Results:

  • Successfully measured the full vibrational spectrum from a single illumination point.
  • Distinguished amorphous forms of indomethacin and its mixtures with polyvinylpyrrolidone excipients.
  • Demonstrated full vibrational imaging of an ibuprofen tablet, mapping heterogeneities.

Conclusions:

  • The multimodal platform offers high sensitivity and specificity for chemical analysis and heterogeneity investigation.
  • This technique allows simultaneous optical retrieval of key physical properties at diffraction-limited resolution.
  • The approach holds significant potential for biomedical research and material science applications.