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Updated: Jul 9, 2026

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Red electroluminescent Cu4I4 bipyramids with external quantum efficiency beyond 40.

Jie Ren1, Xiudan Song2, Chunlei Zhong1

  • 1Department of Applied Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Material Science, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China.

Nature Communications
|July 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers optimized red cluster light-emitting devices (CLEDs) by precisely controlling excited states. This breakthrough enhances efficiency and paves the way for advanced full-color displays.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Optoelectronics
  • Chemistry

Background:

  • Red cluster light-emitting devices (CLEDs) exhibit lower efficiencies compared to blue and green counterparts.
  • This inefficiency stems from non-radiative decay pathways involving multiple excited states in red cluster molecules during electroluminescence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To optimize the excited states of a specific red bipyramidal cluster material, [PXZDPPQ]2Cu4I4.
  • To achieve balanced dual emissions and improve the performance of red CLEDs.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized and characterized a novel red cluster material, [PXZDPPQ]2Cu4I4, featuring a ligand integrating conjugation-extended 2-diphenylphosphineylquinoline (DPPQ) and phenoxazine (PXZ).
  • Accurately optimized the excited states, specifically the outer intraligand charge transfer (nLCT) and inner metal-ligand charge transfer (nMLCT) states.

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  • Investigated the spatial and energetic advantages of the optimized excited states for carrier capture and exciton confinement.

    • Main Results:

    • Achieved desired excited state locations, with radiative nLCT states and protected high-lying nMLCT states.
    • Realized balanced dual emissions with a 51/49 ratio due to cross transitions between nLCT states.
    • Attained a record external quantum efficiency of 43.7% for planar red light-emitting devices, an eightfold increase in photoluminescence quantum yield (93.6%), and 20% improved exciton utilization efficiency.

    Conclusions:

    • The precise control over excited states in [PXZDPPQ]2Cu4I4 demonstrates the potential of cluster materials for advanced exciton engineering.
    • This work establishes a new benchmark for red CLED performance and highlights their promise for next-generation full-color displays.