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Scalable Quantum Integrated Circuits on Superconducting Two-Dimensional Electron Gas Platform

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Published on: August 2, 2019

Boundary-Bulk Interplay in Nonlinear Topological Transport.

Deyi Zhuo¹, Xiaoda Liu¹, Huu-Thong Le¹

¹Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.

Nature Communications

|July 7, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Boundary modes in topological insulators significantly influence nonlinear transport, revealing a crucial interplay between bulk and boundary states. This finding is key for understanding quantum geometry in these materials.

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Area of Science:

Condensed Matter Physics
Materials Science
Quantum Phenomena

Background:

Nonlinear transport is a key tool for probing quantum geometry in topological materials.
While bulk effects are understood, the role of boundary modes in nonlinear transport is underexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the interplay between boundary and bulk states in nonlinear transport phenomena.
Explore nonlinear responses in magnetic topological insulator heterostructures.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of magnetic topological insulator heterostructures using molecular beam epitaxy.
Measurement of second-harmonic Hall and nonreciprocal longitudinal responses.
Theoretical analysis using symmetry analysis and nonlinear Landauer-Büttiker formalism.

Main Results:

Nonlinear transport is maximized near, but not within, quantized topological states (quantum anomalous Hall and axion insulator).
Responses are sensitive to electrode configuration, magnetic order, and carrier type.
Demonstrated significant contribution of boundary modes to nonlinear transport.

Conclusions:

Nonlinear transport in topological insulators is governed by boundary-bulk interplay.
Boundary modes are a primary source of giant nonlinear responses in nearly bulk-insulating topological materials.
The role of electrodes in nonlinear transport is critical.