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Updated: Jul 9, 2026
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Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties
Published on: September 27, 2020
Dynamic metacognitive regulation prospectively predicts reduced interpersonal epistemic invalidation: a three-wave
Amisha Singh1, Bahniman Boruah2, Parag Rajkhowa3
1Department of Applied Psychology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India. samisha987@gmail.com.
Scientific Reports
|July 7, 2026
Summary
Higher metacognitive awareness may help reduce experiences of gaslighting. This study found that as women
Area of Science:
- Psychology
- Cognitive Science
- Social Psychology
Background:
- Interpersonal epistemic invalidation, a component of gaslighting, is linked to psychological distress.
- Limited understanding exists regarding dynamic cognitive processes influencing gaslighting exposure over time.
- Previous research, often cross-sectional, cannot distinguish stable individual differences from within-person changes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the dynamic relationship between metacognitive awareness and gaslighting exposure.
- To differentiate between trait-level associations and intra-individual temporal dynamics.
- To explore cognitive processes potentially influencing resilience to interpersonal invalidation.
Main Methods:
- A three-wave longitudinal study of 300 adult women over 10 weeks.
- Application of a random-intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM).
- Measurement of metacognitive awareness and gaslighting exposure at each wave, with a behavioral subsample for observational data.
Main Results:
- Higher chronic metacognitive awareness was associated with lower overall gaslighting exposure.
- Within-person increases in metacognitive awareness predicted subsequent decreases in gaslighting exposure.
- Specific metacognitive components (conditional knowledge, information management) showed prospective links to reduced gaslighting.
Conclusions:
- Metacognitive awareness may act as a dynamic regulatory process influencing gaslighting experiences.
- Distinguishing between stable traits and within-person changes offers new insights into cognitive resilience.
- Findings suggest potential targets for interventions aimed at mitigating the effects of interpersonal invalidation.
Keywords:
Epistemic regulationInterpersonal cognitionInterpersonal epistemic invalidationLongitudinal modelingMetacognitionPsychological resilienceRI-CLPMMore Related Videos
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