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Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Physical, Chemical and Biological Characterization of Six Biochars Produced for the Remediation of Contaminated Sites
Published on: November 28, 2014
Quantitative contribution of dissolution-driven precipitation to Pb(II) removal by biochars during adsorption process
Anila Sikandar1, Jing Zhao1, Shakeel Ahmad1
1Faculty of Environmental Science & Engineering, Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Soil Carbon Sequestration and Pollution Control, Yunnan International Joint Laboratory for Emission Reduction and Carbon Sequestration in Agricultural Soils, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming, 650500, China.
None:
Biochar (BC) has been widely used for the lead (Pb(II)) immobilization in soil remediation. However, the mechanisms of dissolution-driven removal of Pb(II) by BC are still poorly understood. Herein, Pb(II) removal was investigated by differentiating BC- and dissolved organic carbon (DOC)-systems. As per the kinetics and isotherms, Pb(II) removal ranged from 31.11% to 80.92% in BC-system. This removal process was significantly influenced by dissolution-driven precipitation which contributed from 23.42% to 84.03% in DOC-system. During Pb(II) removal, an obvious reduction was observed in the released inorganic anions including carbonate (CO32-), sulfate (SO42-), and phosphate (PO43-). The CO32- was a predominant contributor to facilitate Pb(II) precipitation. X-ray diffraction further confirmed the formation of cerussite (PbCO3) and anglesite (PbSO4) on BC surface after Pb(II) removal. Moreover, the decreased fluorescence responses of humic-like and fulvic-like substances were detected in DOC-system with the addition of Pb(II). At the same anion concentration, the enhanced Pb(II) amount was removed with increasing DOC concentration from 1 mg·L- 1 to 5 mg·L- 1. These results indicated that released DOC exerted a significant contribution on Pb(II) precipitation due to its coagulation effect. This research provides mechanistic insights into the contributions of adsorption and dissolution-driven precipitation in overall Pb(II) removal through BC application.
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