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Switching from insertion to conversion for multielectron aqueous vanadium batteries.

Hongrun Jin1, Wanhai Zhou2, Jinchi Li1

  • 1Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Aqueous Battery Center, Electron Microscope Center of Fudan University, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Catalysis and Innovative Materials, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, Shanghai Wusong Laboratory of Materials Science, State Key Laboratory of Porous Materials for Separation and Conversion, College of Smart Materials and Future Energy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.

Nature Materials
|July 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel conversion-type vanadium redox chemistry for aqueous batteries, significantly boosting capacity and potential. This advancement enables high-energy aqueous batteries through a four-electron conversion reaction.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Conventional vanadium chemistries for aqueous batteries are limited by low capacity and modest redox potentials due to ion-insertion mechanisms.
  • These limitations restrict their application in high-energy density battery systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a new vanadium redox chemistry that overcomes the limitations of conventional methods for high-energy aqueous batteries.
  • To enhance both capacity and redox potential in aqueous battery systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized hydroxide-ion (OH-) mediated chemical activation to promote vanadium-oxygen (V-O) bond cleavage.
  • Engineered a tailored mesoporous architecture to enrich local OH- concentration.
  • Employed in situ synchrotron characterizations to confirm the reaction pathway.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a transition from single-electron insertion to a four-electron conversion reaction.
  • Achieved a high specific capacity of 700 mAh g-1 with 98% vanadium utilization.
  • Obtained a low redox potential of -0.95 V vs. standard hydrogen electrode and over 3,000 cycles of reversible cycling.
  • Fabricated an alkaline Nickel-Vanadium (Ni-V) battery with a projected energy density of 110 Wh kg-1.

Conclusions:

  • The developed conversion-type vanadium redox reaction significantly enhances capacity and potential for aqueous batteries.
  • The tailored mesoporous architecture and OH- mediation are key to facilitating the reversible conversion between V2O3 and Na3VO4.
  • This work provides a new strategy for designing multielectron redox reactions for next-generation high-energy aqueous batteries.