Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Metastasis02:30

Metastasis

Metastasis is the spread of cancer cells from the original site to distant locations in the body. Cancer cells can spread via blood vessels (hematogenous) as well as lymph vessels in the body.
Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition
The epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition or EMT is a developmental process commonly observed in wound healing, embryogenesis, and cancer metastasis. EMT is induced by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) or receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) ligands, which further...
The Nucleolus02:55

The Nucleolus

The nucleolus is the most prominent substructure of the nucleus. When it was first discovered, it was considered to be an isolated organelle that forms fibrils and granules. In 1931, the relationship between the nucleolus and chromosomes was first described by Heitz. He observed that the appearance and size of nucleolus varies depending on the stage of the cell cycle. He also noticed constricted regions on different chromosomes clustered together at definite cell cycle stages. These regions,...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer01:03

Rous Sarcoma Virus (RSV) and Cancer

Rous Sarcoma virus or RSV was discovered by F. Peyton Rous in the year 1911 as a filterable transmissible agent that could cause tumors in chickens. He won a Nobel Prize for this discovery in 1966. His experiments clearly demonstrated that some cancers could be caused by infectious agents and led to the discovery of many more cancer-causing viruses in animals as well as humans.
RSV is a retrovirus that contains two copies of a plus-strand  RNA genome. Its genome consists of four main open...
The Ras Gene02:38

The Ras Gene

The Ras-gene-encoded proteins are regulators of signaling pathways controlling cell proliferation, differentiation, or cell survival. The Ras-gene family in humans constitutes three primary members—the HRas, NRas, and KRas. These genes code for four functionally distinct yet closely related proteins—the HRas, NRas, KRas4A, and KRas4B. The involvement of mutant Ras genes in human cancer was first discovered in 1982 and is among the most common causes of human tumorigenesis.
Ras is a superfamily...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A standardized single-tube 17-color spectral flow cytometry workflow for integrated immunophenotyping of human PBMCs and mixed co-culture systems.

Frontiers in immunology·2026
Same author

Transcriptional rewiring in cancer driven by <i>POLR2A</i>/RPB1: mechanistic insights, non-coding RNA crosstalk, and therapeutic opportunities.

Frontiers in pharmacology·2026
Same author

Environmental Hazards and Glial Brain Tumors: Association or Causation?

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

Harnessing immunotherapy: cancer vaccines as novel therapeutic strategies for brain tumor.

Frontiers in immunology·2025
Same author

Transcriptomic analysis of the TRP gene family in human brain physiopathology.

Frontiers in molecular neuroscience·2025
Same author

Unlocking the secrets of the immunopeptidome: MHC molecules, ncRNA peptides, and vesicles in immune response.

Frontiers in immunology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Modeling Brain Metastasis Via Tail-Vein Injection of Inflammatory Breast Cancer Cells
05:02

Modeling Brain Metastasis Via Tail-Vein Injection of Inflammatory Breast Cancer Cells

Published on: February 4, 2021

Circular RNA dynamics in breast-to-brain metastatic cascade.

Adrian Szczepaniak1,2, Jakub Karwowski1, Agnieszka Bronisz3

  • 1Department of NeuroOncology, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.

BMC Biology
|July 7, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) show unique expression patterns in breast-to-brain metastases, independent of host genes. These findings reveal circRNAs as key regulators in brain metastasis and offer new therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
Brain metastasesBreast cancerCircular RNAGlioblastomaMetastasisPrimary tumor

More Related Videos

Intracarotid Cancer Cell Injection to Produce Mouse Models of Brain Metastasis
07:43

Intracarotid Cancer Cell Injection to Produce Mouse Models of Brain Metastasis

Published on: February 8, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Modeling Brain Metastasis Via Tail-Vein Injection of Inflammatory Breast Cancer Cells
05:02

Modeling Brain Metastasis Via Tail-Vein Injection of Inflammatory Breast Cancer Cells

Published on: February 4, 2021

Intracarotid Cancer Cell Injection to Produce Mouse Models of Brain Metastasis
07:43

Intracarotid Cancer Cell Injection to Produce Mouse Models of Brain Metastasis

Published on: February 8, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Breast-to-brain metastases (BTB mets) are aggressive cancers with poor outcomes.
  • Metastatic colonization involves complex transcriptomic reprogramming, including non-coding RNAs.
  • Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are emerging regulators in cancer, but their role in BTB mets is unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically profile circRNA expression in primary breast tumors and metastatic sites.
  • To identify site-specific circRNA patterns associated with BTB mets.
  • To explore the regulatory mechanisms of circRNAs in brain metastasis.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive circRNA profiling across primary tumors and metastatic sites.
  • Differential expression analysis to identify BTB mets-specific circRNAs.
  • Functional analysis of circRNA-microRNA interactions and pathway enrichment.

Main Results:

  • CircRNAs exhibit highly site-specific expression patterns during breast cancer metastasis.
  • Most differentially expressed circRNAs were independent of their host genes.
  • 42 circRNAs were consistently deregulated in BTB mets, enriched in brain-related pathways.
  • circRNA landscapes remained stable under stemness or differentiation conditions.
  • Breast circScope, an open-access resource, was developed for circRNA data exploration.

Conclusions:

  • CircRNAs represent a significant layer of post-transcriptomic regulation in metastatic breast cancer.
  • Site-specific circRNA expression patterns are associated with metastatic progression to the brain.
  • CircRNAs are integral to the regulatory landscape of BTB mets, offering insights into brain tropism.