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Published on: September 11, 2016
Hydrochemical Characteristics and Evolution of Groundwater in Lop Nur Salt Field, Northwestern China
Xu Han1,2, Junxing Liu1, He Qin3
1Geological Institute of China Chemical Geology and Mine Bureau, Beijing, China.
Abstract:
Brine is a critical type of an important mineral resource. Taking groundwater around the E11 Salt Field of the Lop Nur (Xinjiang) as the research object, this study adopted hydrochemical analysis, correlation analysis, self-organizing map (SOM) clustering, and positive matrix factorization (PMF) model to investigate hydrochemical characteristics and genetic mechanisms of groundwater surrounding the salt field in arid regions. The results reveal that groundwater in the study area is mainly composed of Na+, Cl-, and SO4 2-, with weakly alkaline properties and extremely high total dissolved solids (TDS > 311.38 g/L). Groundwater samples are classified into four clusters (C1-C4) via SOM clustering. The hydrochemical type evolves from Na-Cl type (C3 and C4) to Mg-Cl type (C1). Intense evaporation and concentration control the overall groundwater evolution. At the current evolutionary stage, groundwater undergoes halite precipitation and gradually transitions toward sylvite precipitation. Water-rock interactions such as reverse cation exchange are the critical factors causing spatial differences in hydrochemical compositions. The infiltration boundary of dikes and spatial distribution characteristics of radon isotopes (222Rn) verify the lateral leakage of salt field brine. Groundwater with high TDS and low radon concentrations (C1 and C2) is substantially affected by brine mixing, which acts as the core driving force for groundwater salinization. PMF source apportionment indicates that evaporation, reverse cation exchange, and brine leakage mixing jointly control groundwater hydrochemistry. Groundwater in Cluster C4 is dominated by water-rock interactions (70.93% contribution), whereas the hydrochemistry of Cluster C1 is primarily controlled by brine leakage-mixing (73.79% contribution). This study provides theoretical support for interpreting groundwater hydrochemical genesis in arid salt lake areas and possesses significant scientific value for efficient exploitation of regional mineral resources.
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