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Related Experiment Video

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The Second Stage of Labor Questionnaire (SOL-Q): Development and Psychometric Testing.

Cecilia Häggsgård^1,2, Karin Ängeby^3,4

¹Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.

Birth (Berkeley, Calif.)

|July 8, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

A new questionnaire, the Second Stage of Labor Questionnaire (SOL-Q), effectively measures women's experiences during childbirth. It assesses coping, decision-making, pain, and safety, aiding in evaluating maternal satisfaction.

Keywords:

birth experience psychometric test questionnaire second stage of labor

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Area of Science:

Obstetrics and Gynecology
Maternal Health
Psychological Well-being

Background:

The second stage of labor significantly impacts maternal physical and psychological health.
Existing tools lack comprehensive assessment of women's experiences during this critical childbirth phase.

Purpose of the Study:

To validate a questionnaire assessing women's experiences during the second stage of labor.
Focus on first-time vaginal births.

Main Methods:

Developed a study-specific questionnaire within a multicenter trial.
Administered to 2831 women, with 2221 (78.1%) responding.
Utilized exploratory factor analysis and known-groups validity.

Main Results:

Factor analysis identified four dimensions: Coping and empowerment, Decision making, Pain perception, and Safety and vulnerability.
The questionnaire demonstrated good reliability (0.68-0.81) and explained 60% of the variance.
Lower scores were associated with fear of childbirth, oxytocin use, and prolonged second stage (>3h).

Conclusions:

The Second Stage of Labor Questionnaire (SOL-Q) reliably measures key dimensions of the childbirth experience.
SOL-Q can be utilized to assess maternal satisfaction during the second stage of labor.
Findings highlight factors influencing women's experiences, informing clinical practice.