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Related Concept Videos

Sleep Apnea01:21

Sleep Apnea

Sleep apnea is a condition where breathing stops intermittently during sleep, often leading to significant health issues. Each episode can last from 10 to 20 seconds or more and is frequently accompanied by a brief arousal from sleep. This disturbance, largely unnoticed by the individual, can lead to severe daytime fatigue. Commonly, individuals seek help after being informed by their partners about loud snoring and noticeable breathing pauses during sleep.
The condition is more prevalent among...
Sleep-Wake Cycles01:24

Sleep-Wake Cycles

Sleep is an essential physiological process vital to maintaining overall well-being. The reticular activating system (RAS), a network of neurons in the brainstem, regulates wakefulness and sleep. While it may seem passive, sleep consists of distinct cycles, each with its unique characteristics and functions. Two key sleep phases are non-rapid eye movement (NREM) and  rapid eye movement (REM).
NREM Sleep
NREM sleep comprises four progressive stages that seamlessly merge:
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management01:22

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation II: ACLS Airway Management

Airway management is a key skill in emergency and critical care settings, as maintaining a clear airway is essential for adequate oxygenation and ventilation.Head Tilt-Chin Lift TechniqueThe head tilt-chin lift maneuver is an essential technique primarily used in patients without suspected cervical spine injuries. To perform this maneuver, one hand is placed on the patient’s forehead, and gentle pressure is applied backward to tilt the head. The fingertips of the other hand are positioned under...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

Positional Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Model for Precision Sleep Medicine.

Avneesh Prabakar1, Shervin Eskandari1, Tej Murudkar1

  • 1Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.

Journal of Otorhinolaryngology, Hearing and Balance Medicine
|July 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Positional obstructive sleep apnea (POSA) is common in mild to moderate cases. Targeting POSA mechanisms improves treatment outcomes beyond standard CPAP therapy.

Keywords:
clinical phenotypingindividualized therapypositional obstructive sleep apneaprecision sleep medicineupper airway collapsibility

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A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans
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A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans

Published on: December 22, 2016

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Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea
07:54

Drug-Induced Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) with Target Controlled Infusion (TCI) and Bispectral Analysis in Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Published on: December 6, 2016

A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans
09:54

A Model to Simulate Clinically Relevant Hypoxia in Humans

Published on: December 22, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Sleep Medicine
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Respiratory Medicine

Background:

  • Positional obstructive sleep apnea (POSA) is a subtype of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) characterized by a higher apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) in the supine position.
  • POSA is underrecognized, lacks a universal definition, and affects over 50% of OSA patients, particularly those with mild to moderate disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of POSA mechanisms, epidemiology, and therapeutic implications.
  • To evaluate POSA as a model for precision sleep medicine and individualized OSA treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review synthesizing current research on POSA.
  • Analysis of anatomical and physiological factors contributing to POSA pathophysiology.
  • Evaluation of current and potential therapeutic strategies for POSA.

Main Results:

  • Gravity-dependent posterior displacement of the tongue and soft palate increases upper airway collapsibility in the supine position.
  • POSA is associated with cardiovascular consequences, including blood pressure surges linked to oxygen desaturation.
  • Targeting POSA mechanisms can enhance treatment outcomes compared to standard CPAP alone.

Conclusions:

  • POSA represents a clinically actionable framework for precision sleep medicine.
  • Individualized, culturally informed care is crucial, addressing racial and ethnic disparities in POSA prevalence and treatment adherence.
  • POSA serves as a model for personalized therapy in obstructive sleep apnea.