Recognition to repair: Managing reservoir complications in inflatable penile prosthesis surgery

Reservoir placement during three-piece inflatable penile prosthesis (IPP) implantation is the step most commonly associated with serious intraoperative complications. The reservoir is traditionally positioned within the space of Retzius, where it lies in close proximity to the bladder, bowel and major pelvic vessels. Although injuries are uncommon, damage to these structures can result in significant morbidity, particularly in patients with prior pelvic surgery, radiotherapy or distorted pelvic anatomy. As prosthetic surgery expands to more complex patient populations, surgeons must be prepared to recognise and manage these complications when they occur.

This review focuses on the intraoperative injuries associated with reservoir insertion during IPP surgery and provides a practical framework for their recognition and management. Bladder, bowel and vascular injuries are discussed with emphasis on intraoperative warning signs, methods of confirmation and immediate management strategies. Key principles of repair, haemorrhage control and involvement of specialist surgical teams are outlined. Guidance is also provided on intraoperative decision-making, including when reservoir relocation, staged implantation or procedure abandonment may be appropriate to minimise the risk of prosthesis infection and other complications. Alternative reservoir placement techniques are briefly discussed in the context of risk reduction, particularly for patients with hostile pelvic anatomy. However, the primary aim of this review is to provide pragmatic guidance for surgeons confronted with intraoperative complications during reservoir insertion.

Early recognition, prompt management and a structured approach to intraoperative decision-making are essential to minimise morbidity and preserve the favourable functional outcomes associated with IPP surgery.