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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Delivery of Exogenous Artificially Synthesized miRNA Mimic to the Kidney Using Polyethylenimine Nanoparticles in Several Kidney Disease Mouse Models
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Attenuating Ischemia and Reperfusion Injury Using NAD+-Loaded Nanoparticles in Mouse Kidneys.

Bret Verhoven1, Yao Tong2, Peter Chlebeck1

  • 1Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI.

Transplantation Direct
|July 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Novel nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) nanoparticles significantly reduced kidney injury after ischemia and reperfusion (IR) in mice. This therapeutic strategy shows promise for improving outcomes in organ transplantation.

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Area of Science:

  • Transplantation immunology
  • Nephrology
  • Nanomedicine

Background:

  • Ischemia and reperfusion (IR) injury is a significant challenge in solid organ transplantation, leading to allograft dysfunction.
  • IR injury in kidney transplantation disrupts mitochondrial homeostasis, depleting nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) and reducing cellular ATP levels.
  • Developing strategies to mitigate IR injury is crucial for improving graft survival and function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of NAD+-loaded nanoparticles in attenuating IR injury in a mouse kidney transplantation model.
  • To assess the potential of direct intracellular NAD+ delivery to protect against IR-induced kidney damage.

Main Methods:

  • A mouse model of kidney IR injury was established using C57BL/6NCrl mice.
  • NAD+-loaded nanoparticles were administered via direct renal artery injection or systemic intravenous (IV) injection.
  • Creatinine levels and histological analyses were performed 24 hours post-IR to assess kidney injury.

Main Results:

  • A single dose of NAD+-loaded nanoparticles significantly reduced serum creatinine levels in both direct and IV-injected groups compared to controls.
  • IR-induced renal tubular injury scores were markedly reduced following nanoparticle administration via both delivery routes.
  • The study demonstrated the protective effects of NAD+ delivery using nanoparticles against kidney IR injury.

Conclusions:

  • NAD+-loaded nanoparticles represent a promising therapeutic approach to ameliorate IR injury in kidney transplantation.
  • This novel strategy may help reduce early allograft dysfunction and delayed graft function.
  • Further development could enhance the utilization of expanded criteria organs and improve transplant outcomes.