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Predicting Minute Ventilation from Heart Rate in Adolescents: A Tool for Environmental Health Studies
Celia Cacho1, Meghana Giri1, Kyung Hwa Jung2
1Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, 630 W 168th St, New York, NY 10032, USA.
Environments (Basel, Switzerland)
|July 8, 2026
Summary
Minute ventilation (VE) can be estimated using heart rate (HR) in adolescents. New sex-specific equations based on cardiopulmonary exercise testing data offer a practical tool for environmental health research.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Exercise Physiology
- Biostatistics
Background:
- Minute ventilation (VE) is crucial for understanding air pollution's effects during exercise.
- Real-time VE measurement is challenging in environmental health research due to equipment and expertise limitations.
Purpose of the Study:
- Develop predictive equations for VE based on heart rate (HR) in adolescents.
- Identify demographic factors influencing predictive model accuracy.
- Compare developed equations with existing models.
Main Methods:
- Analyzed cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) data from 41 adolescents.
- Used generalized estimating equations (GEE) to model the association between HR and log-transformed VE.
- Adjusted for age, sex, race, ethnicity, and BMI.
Main Results:
- Heart rate (HR) was a significant predictor of VE (p < 0.001).
- Sex was the only significant covariate (p = 0.003), with males showing higher predicted VE than females.
- Developed sex-specific equations demonstrated high accuracy (pseudo-R² 0.80-0.82) and outperformed previous models.
Conclusions:
- Sex-specific GEE models provide a practical method for estimating adolescent VE from HR.
- These equations can aid exposure assessment in environmental health studies.
- The findings support the use of HR-based VE estimation in research settings lacking specialized equipment.
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