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Three Laboratory Procedures for Assessing Different Manifestations of Impulsivity in Rats
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Using Ecological Momentary Assessment to Measure Impulsivity among Trauma-Exposed Adults.

Emily Heinlein1, Cameron P Pugach1, Blair E Wisco1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, PO Box 26170, Greensboro, NC 27401, USA.

Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment
|July 8, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study used ecological momentary assessment (EMA) to examine impulsivity in trauma survivors. Findings suggest negative urgency, not positive urgency, drives risky behavior, and PTSD may temper this effect.

Keywords:
Ecological momentary assessmentImpulsivityNegative urgencyPTSDPosttraumatic stress disorderRisky behavior

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology
  • Behavioral Science

Background:

  • Impulsivity is traditionally measured via self-reports, limiting real-time behavioral insights.
  • Ecological Momentary Assessment (EMA) offers a method for capturing in-the-moment experiences and behaviors.
  • Understanding impulsivity facets like urgency is crucial, especially in trauma-exposed populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess momentary engagement in risky behavior using EMA.
  • To determine if negative or positive affect/situations drive momentary risky behavior.
  • To investigate the moderating role of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) on these associations.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized EMA with up to 17 daily surveys over three days for 80 trauma-exposed adults (39 with PTSD, 41 without).
  • Analyzed associations between momentary negative/positive affect/situations and risky behavior.
  • Examined PTSD diagnostic status as a moderator.

Main Results:

  • Provided stronger evidence for negative urgency than positive urgency.
  • Momentary negative affect and situations significantly predicted risky behavior within individuals.
  • PTSD status did not moderate negative urgency or possibly tempered it.

Conclusions:

  • EMA offers a novel approach to measure momentary urgency in trauma-exposed individuals.
  • Negative urgency appears to be a key driver of risky behavior in this population.
  • Future research should further explore the interplay between PTSD, urgency, and risky behavior.