Decoding chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy: ion channels, disease models, and future directions

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a significant side effect of cancer treatments like paclitaxel and oxaliplatin, impacting patient quality of life (QoL). Despite much research, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear and effective therapies are lacking. This review evaluates whether current experimental models accurately reflect CIPN, emphasizing recent molecular and cellular findings, especially the role of sensory ion channels. We outline limitations of existing models and propose more translational preclinical approaches to better capture disease complexity and patient variability. Improved models could enhance understanding of chemotherapy effects on peripheral nerves and support the development of interventions to prevent or mitigate CIPN. Prioritizing supportive care that minimizes treatment side effects may ultimately improve outcomes and patient wellbeing.