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Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Event Related Potentials (ERPs) and other EEG Based Methods for Extracting Biomarkers of Brain Dysfunction: Examples from Pediatric Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

Published on: March 12, 2020

Differential P300 Signatures of Executive Dysfunction in Attention- Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Borderline

Elif Abanoz¹, Onur Erdem Korkmaz², Adil Deniz Duru³

¹Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Sivas Cumhuriyet University Faculty of Medicine, Sivas, Türkiye.

The Eurasian Journal of Medicine

|July 8, 2026

Summary

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) show distinct executive dysfunction patterns. ADHD involves impulsivity, while BIF is linked to slower processing and attention deficits, differing in P300 brainwave signatures.

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The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Psychology
Cognitive Science

Background:

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) are developmental conditions often presenting with executive dysfunction.
Cognitive and neurophysiological distinctions between ADHD and BIF require further clarification.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the behavioral and electrophysiological characteristics of executive function in children diagnosed with ADHD and BIF.
To differentiate the executive function profiles of ADHD and BIF using neurophysiological markers.

Main Methods:

Utilized Stroop and Go/No-Go tasks with electroencephalography (EEG) in children with ADHD, BIF, and typically developing controls.
Assessed behavioral metrics including reaction time, accuracy, omission, and commission errors.
Analyzed P300 event-related potential (ERP) amplitude and latency at frontal and central electrode sites.

Main Results:

Children with BIF exhibited slower reaction times, more omission errors, and prolonged P300 latency (F4), indicating reduced processing speed and attention.
Children with ADHD showed faster but error-prone responses, with increased commission errors and shorter P300 latency, suggesting impulsivity and poor inhibition.

Conclusions:

ADHD and BIF share executive dysfunction but have distinct neurophysiological profiles: ADHD is linked to disinhibition, while BIF is associated with slower processing and attention deficits.
Differential P300 patterns offer potential biomarkers to distinguish between ADHD and BIF.
Findings support the development of tailored diagnostic and intervention strategies for these conditions.