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Evaluating and predicting of the cardiac function class and re-hospitalization in CHD with HF using IVC diameter and

Junwen Yuan Yuan Zhang1, Ke Wei1, Chunrong Bao1

  • 1Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Kongjiang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, China.

Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal : SCJ
|July 8, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Inferior vena cava (IVC) diameter and collapse index effectively predict adverse outcomes in patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure (CHD-HF). Elevated IVC diameter and reduced IVC collapse index indicate higher risks of re-hospitalization and death.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Cardiovascular Imaging
  • Heart Failure Research

Background:

  • Transthoracic echocardiography is a standard noninvasive tool for assessing volume status in patients with coronary heart disease and heart failure (CHD-HF).
  • Inferior vena cava (IVC) measurement, including diameter (IVCD) and collapse index (IVCCI), serves as an alternative method for evaluating central venous pressure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze the specific clinical applications of IVC diameter (IVCD) and collapse index (IVCCI) in assessing cardiac dysfunction severity in CHD-HF patients.
  • To evaluate the prognostic value of IVCD and IVCCI for predicting cardiovascular re-hospitalization and all-cause mortality in CHD-HF patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 340 patients (123 CHD, 217 CHD-HF) between January 2021 and March 2023.
  • Ultrasound measurements of IVCD and IVCCI were performed, followed by a 2-year follow-up for cardiovascular re-hospitalization and all-cause death.
  • Statistical analyses included correlation, ROC, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox regression analyses.

Main Results:

  • CHD-HF patients exhibited increased IVCD and decreased IVCCI compared to CHD patients.
  • Elevated IVCD and reduced IVCCI were associated with cardiovascular re-hospitalization and all-cause death in CHD-HF patients.
  • IVCD and IVCCI demonstrated significant predictive values (AUCs ranging from 0.715 to 0.795) and were independently associated with adverse outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • IVC diameter and collapse index are effective indicators for predicting cardiovascular re-hospitalization and all-cause death in patients with CHD-HF.
  • These IVC parameters offer valuable prognostic information for managing CHD-HF patients.
Abstract

Keywords:
Coronary heart diseaseRe-hospitalizationheart failureinferior vena cavamortality

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