Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility

Woodward–Hoffmann Selection Rules and Microscopic Reversibility

Electrocyclic reactions, cycloadditions, and sigmatropic rearrangements are concerted pericyclic reactions that proceed via a cyclic transition state. These reactions are stereospecific and regioselective. The stereochemistry of the products depends on the symmetry characteristics of the interacting orbitals and the reaction conditions. Accordingly, pericyclic reactions are classified as either symmetry-allowed or symmetry-forbidden. Woodward and Hoffmann presented the selection criteria for...

Linear time-invariant Systems

Linear time-invariant Systems

A system is linear if it displays the characteristics of homogeneity and additivity, together termed the superposition property. This principle is fundamental in all linear systems. Linear time-invariant (LTI) systems include systems with linear elements and constant parameters.
The input-output behavior of an LTI system can be fully defined by its response to an impulsive excitation at its input. Once this impulse response is known, the system's reaction to any other input can be calculated...

Parameters Affecting Nonlinear Elimination: Zero-Order Input, First-Order Absorption and Two-Compartment Model

Parameters Affecting Nonlinear Elimination: Zero-Order Input, First-Order Absorption and Two-Compartment Model

Drugs administered through various routes can lead to nonlinear elimination, resulting in complex pharmacokinetic behaviors crucial to understanding efficacious drug dosing.
When a drug is administered through a constant intravenous infusion and eliminated via nonlinear pharmacokinetics, it follows zero-order input. For example, oral drugs undergo first-order absorption upon administration and are eliminated through nonlinear pharmacokinetics.
In the case of subcutaneously administered drugs,...

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

Entropy Change in Reversible Processes

In the Carnot engine, which achieves the maximum efficiency between two reservoirs of fixed temperatures, the total change in entropy is zero. The observation can be generalized by considering any reversible cyclic process consisting of many Carnot cycles. Thus, it can be stated that the total entropy change of any ideal reversible cycle is zero.
The statement can be further generalized to prove that entropy is a state function. Take a cyclic process between any two points on a p-V diagram.

Separable Differential Equations

Separable Differential Equations

A separable differential equation is a type of first-order differential equation where the derivative dy/dx can be expressed as a product of two functions: one that depends only on x and another that depends only on y. This allows for the rearrangement of the equation so that all terms involving y are on one side, and all terms involving x are on the other. This process, known as the separation of variables, simplifies the process of solving the equation by enabling the integration of both...

Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain

Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain

Linear systems are characterized by two main properties: superposition and homogeneity. Superposition allows the response to multiple inputs to be the sum of the responses to each individual input. Homogeneity ensures that scaling an input by a scalar results in the response being scaled by the same scalar.
In contrast, nonlinear systems do not inherently possess these properties. However, for small deviations around an operating point, a nonlinear system can often be approximated as linear.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Layer-Dependent Antiferromagnetic Chern and Axion Insulating States in UOTe.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026

Same author

Odd-parity quasiparticle interference in the superconductive surface state of UTe<sub>2</sub>.

Nature physics·2025

Same author

Atomic-scale frustrated Josephson coupling and multicondensate visualization in FeSe.

Nature materials·2025

Same author

High-temperature surface state in Kondo insulator U<sub>3</sub>Bi<sub>4</sub>Ni<sub>3</sub>.

Science advances·2025

Same author

Corrigendum: A review of UTe<sub>2</sub>at high magnetic fields (2023<i>Rep. Prog. Phys.</i>86 114501).

Reports on progress in physics. Physical Society (Great Britain)·2025

Same author

A single crystal study of Kagome metals U<sub>2</sub>Mn<sub>3</sub>Ge and U<sub>2</sub>Fe<sub>3</sub>Ge.

Journal of physics. Condensed matter : an Institute of Physics journal·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

An Operant Intra-/Extra-dimensional Set-shift Task for Mice

An Operant Intra-/Extra-dimensional Set-shift Task for Mice

Published on: January 22, 2016

Endogenous regime switching driven by scalar-irreducible learning dynamics.

¹Department of Physics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA and Reconstructing Future Research Initiative, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA.

Chaos (Woodbury, N.Y.)

|July 8, 2026

Summary

This study introduces scalar-irreducible dynamics for machine learning, enabling autonomous systems to switch between behaviors internally. This contrasts with current methods that require external control for regime transitions.

More Related Videos

Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline

Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline

Published on: December 7, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 9, 2026

An Operant Intra-/Extra-dimensional Set-shift Task for Mice

An Operant Intra-/Extra-dimensional Set-shift Task for Mice

Published on: January 22, 2016

Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline

Inherent Dynamics Visualizer, an Interactive Application for Evaluating and Visualizing Outputs from a Gene Regulatory Network Inference Pipeline

Published on: December 7, 2021

Area of Science:

Artificial Intelligence
Machine Learning
Dynamical Systems Theory

Background:

Autonomous intelligence requires endogenous regime switching, a capability lacking in current machine learning.
Existing frameworks often impose regime transitions externally, limiting true autonomy.

Purpose of the Study:

Introduce a novel classification of dynamics: scalar-reducible vs. scalar-irreducible.
Demonstrate how scalar-irreducible dynamics facilitate internally generated regime switching.
Propose a new dynamical paradigm for autonomous learning systems.

Main Methods:

Defined scalar-reducible dynamics as gradient flows of a scalar objective.
Defined scalar-irreducible dynamics as those not reducible to a scalar objective.
Utilized a minimal dynamical model to illustrate the mechanism.

Main Results:

Scalar-irreducible dynamics enable endogenous regime switching via feedback loops.
This mechanism allows for sustained, internally generated transitions without external scheduling.
Showcased a minimal model exhibiting this behavior.

Conclusions:

Scalar-irreducible dynamics offer a new paradigm for regime exploration in AI.
This approach provides a pathway towards autonomous learning systems with internally organized adaptive behavior.
Moving beyond externally prescribed adaptation is key for advanced AI.