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Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity Testing in Animals

Toxicity tests in animals are grounded on two main assumptions: first, the effects observed in laboratory animals can be extrapolated to humans, especially when adjusted for body surface area; second, high-dose exposure in animals is essential to identify potential human hazards from lower doses. This is based on the quantal dose-response concept, which faces the challenge of extrapolating results from relatively few test animals to much larger human populations. For example, a 0.01% incidence...

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Ecotoxicological Methodologies to Evaluate Biomarkers at Different Scales in Neotropical Anurans

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Published on: April 28, 2023

Significant decrease in common dab (Limanda limanda) hepatic neoplasms revealed by long-term environmental

John Bignell¹, Jonathan Barber², Mark Etherton²

¹Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Barrack Road, Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, United Kingdom.

Environment International

|July 8, 2026

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Hepatic neoplasms (liver cancer) in common dab flatfish declined overall in UK waters but remained high in the Irish Sea, potentially due to environmental pressures and contaminants like PCBs.

Keywords:

Carcinogenesis Contaminants Liver Marine Neoplasia Pathology Pollution

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Analysis of Liver Microenvironment During Early Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Zebrafish

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Published on: April 1, 2021

Area of Science:

Marine biology
Environmental toxicology
Fish health

Background:

Hepatic neoplasms in common dab (Limanda limanda) are a key indicator of marine ecosystem health.
Long-term monitoring data (2004-2020) from five UK marine regions provide insights into disease trends.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the prevalence of hepatic neoplasms in common dab across UK marine regions.
To investigate trends in neoplasm prevalence over time and identify regional differences.
To explore correlations between hepatic neoplasms and environmental contaminants.

Main Methods:

Analysis of hepatic neoplasm prevalence data from common dab across five UK marine regions.
Inclusion of age-specific data to control for confounding factors.
Correlation analysis between neoplasm prevalence and concentrations of specific hazardous substances (PBDEs, PCBs, PAHs, metals) in biota and sediment.

Main Results:

A significant decline in hepatic neoplasm prevalence was observed in the Irish Sea and Southern North Sea, and collectively across all regions.
The Irish Sea exhibited a higher prevalence of hepatic neoplasms compared to other regions.
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in biota showed a positive association with neoplasm prevalence, particularly influenced by the Irish Sea. Sediment concentrations of cadmium, iron, manganese, and lead also showed a statistically significant effect.

Conclusions:

While overall trends show a decrease in hepatic neoplasms, the persistent high prevalence in the Irish Sea suggests localized environmental pressures.
Contaminants like PCBs are potentially correlated with increased neoplasm prevalence, highlighting the need for targeted monitoring.
Long-term monitoring of biological effects of contaminants in marine fish is crucial but presents challenges.