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Deep Brain Stimulation with Simultaneous fMRI in Rodents

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Enhanced source localization accuracy through bidirectional deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes: A comparative

Babatunde Abdullahi Olatunji¹, Narayan P Subramaniyam¹, Eetu Siitama¹

¹Tampere Universities, Ylpön katu 34, Tampere, Pirkanmaa, 33520, Finland.

Journal of Neural Engineering

|July 8, 2026

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This summary is machine-generated.

Integrating deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes with scalp electroencephalography (EEG) significantly enhances neural source localization accuracy for deep brain structures, especially in noisy conditions. This multimodal approach improves deep brain recordings by combining scalp coverage with high-SNR DBS data.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biomedical Engineering
Signal Processing

Background:

Accurate neural source localization from electroencephalography (EEG) is challenging for deep brain structures.
Bidirectional deep brain stimulation (DBS) electrodes offer potential for improved neural recording.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate if integrating bidirectional DBS electrodes with scalp EEG improves deep brain source localization accuracy.
To evaluate performance under varying signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) conditions.

Main Methods:

Utilized three bidirectional DBS electrode configurations (4, 8, 40 contacts) with 72-channel scalp EEG.
Employed finite element (FE) method-based forward modeling with an extended Complete Electrode Model (CEM) framework.
Performed source reconstruction using standardized low-resolution electromagnetic tomography (sLORETA) and dipole scan across 30dB, 17.5dB, and 5dB SNR conditions.

Keywords:

Bidirectional deep brain stimulation EEG source localization complete electrode model dipole scan finite element method multimodal neuroimaging sLORETA

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Main Results:

Integration of DBS and scalp EEG significantly improved source localization accuracy, particularly near the implanted lead.
The 40-contact DBS configuration yielded the largest accuracy gains; the 8-contact configuration offered optimal balance.
Dipole scan achieved near-perfect localization at 30dB SNR, while sLORETA showed stability across broader analyses.

Conclusions:

Integrating scalp EEG with bidirectional DBS recordings is a promising strategy for deep brain source localization.
This multimodal approach leverages complementary strengths of scalp and DBS electrodes across various conditions and algorithms.
Potential applications include epilepsy monitoring, neuromodulation biomarker discovery, and seizure propagation studies in DBS patients.