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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 10, 2026

Measuring the Functional Abilities of Children Aged 3-6 Years Old with Observational Methods and Computer Tools

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Published on: June 20, 2020

Child Welfare System Involvement in the United States: 2016-2023.

Youngmin Yi¹, Frank Edwards², Sara Wakefield²

¹Sociology Department, Wellesley College, Wellesley, Massachusetts.

|July 8, 2026

Summary

Child welfare system involvement for US children decreased from 2016-2023, with the largest declines occurring during the COVID-19 pandemic. Risks varied significantly by race and ethnicity.

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Published on: September 22, 2023

Area of Science:

Child welfare research
Public health
Sociology

Background:

Childhood and family contexts shifted during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Competing hypotheses emerged regarding children's risk of maltreatment and system contact.
Understanding trends in child welfare system involvement is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

Estimate cumulative prevalence of child welfare contact stages for US children.
Analyze trends before, during, and since the COVID-19 pandemic.
Examine disparities across racial and ethnic groups.

Main Methods:

Constructed a synthetic cohort life table.
Utilized age-specific and cumulative risks of child welfare contact.
Employed data from key federal systems (AFCARS, NCANDS, PEP, SEER).

Main Results:

Cumulative prevalence of investigation, confirmed maltreatment, foster care placement, and parental rights termination declined from 2016-2023.
Declines were most significant between 2019 and 2020.
American Indian/Alaska Native and Black children faced the highest risks, while Asian children faced the lowest.

Conclusions:

The decline in child welfare system contact began before the COVID-19 pandemic.
The pandemic accelerated the existing downward trend in child welfare involvement.
Significant racial and ethnic variations exist in risks and the magnitude of declines.